本科毕业论文《4500吨年对叔丁基苯酚生产项目精馏塔I详细设计说明书》

本科生毕业设计4500吨/年对叔丁基苯酚生产项目精馏塔I详细设计说明书学院化工学院专业化学工程与工艺年级2009级姓名XXX指导教师XXX年月日摘要对叔丁基苯酚是一种重要的精细化工产品中间体，目前在国内供不应求。本设计是4500吨/年对叔丁基苯酚生产过程设计中精馏工段精馏塔I的设计。精馏塔I为填料塔，采用CY700金属丝网波纹规整填料。本设计中，对精馏塔I进行了工艺设计、结构设计和强度设计。在工艺设计中，涉及了塔径、塔高、填料层高度及压降的计算。在结构设计中，对塔设备的内件、支座、接管及附件等进行选型和设计。在强度设计部分，计算了塔设备壳体及封头的壁厚，计算各项载荷并校验设备的稳定性。除此之外，本设计叙述了过程控制方案和开停车方案并给出设备的管道仪表流程简图，对回流比、进料位置等操作参数进行了敏感性分析，并考虑到项目对环境和社会的影响，进行了HAZOP分析和环境影响评价，形成了一份较为完整的设计。关键词：对叔丁基苯酚；填料塔设计；HAZOP分析；过程控制ABSTRACTP-tert-butylphenolisakindoffinechemicalintermediate,whosesupplyfallsbehindthedemandinthedomesticmarket.Inthispaper,packedcolumnIwasdesignedfortheproductionprocessof4500tonsp-tert-butylphenolannual.CY700metalcorrugatedstructuredpackingwaschosenforthiscolumn.Theprocessdesign,structuraldesignandstrengthdesignofdistillationcolumnIwasdoneinthispaper.Theprocessdesigninvolvesthecalculationofaseriesoftechnologicalparameter,suchasdiameterandheightofthecolumn,heightandpressuredropofpackinglayers.Thestructuraldesignincludingthedesignofinternalequipment,skirtsupport,connectingpipesandaccessories.Thethicknessofshellandheadsarecalculated,meanwhile,allloadsarecalculatedandcheckedforthestabilityofthewholeequipment.Inaddition,weproposeprocesscontrolstrategyandschemesofstartupandshutdownaswellasasimplePIDsystemofthecolumn.Operatingparameterssuchasrefluxratioandfeedstagenumberaredeterminedbysensitivityanalysis.Consideringtheenvironmentalandsocialimpact,theHAZOPanalysisandenvironmentalaffectassessmentareimplemented.Keywords：p-tert-butylphenol；packedcolumndesign；HAZOPstudy；processcontrol1目录第一章初步设计条件.........................................................................................11.1概述.........................................................................................................11.2设计条件与物性参数.............................................................................11.2.1设计条件......................................................................................11.2.2物性数据......................................................................................1第二章模拟计算.................................................................................................3第三章设计方法说明.........................................................................................53.1综述.........................................................................................................53.2塔设备的工艺设计.................................................................................53.2.1塔径的计算..................................................................................53.2.2填料层高度计算及分段..............................................................73.2.3填料层压降计算..........................................................................73.2.4塔高的计算..................................................................................83.3塔设备的结构设计.................................................................................83.3.1填料支承装置..............................................................................83.3.2填料压紧装置..............................................................................93.3.3液体分布装置与液体收集及再分布装置..................................93.3.4除沫器........................................................................................103.3.5裙座............................................................................................103.3.6接管............................................................................................103.3.7人孔............................................................................................113.3.8法兰设计....................................................................................113.3.9保温层设计..................................................错误!未定义书签。3.3.10吊耳............................................................错误!未定义书签。3.4塔设备的强度设计和稳定校核...........................................................123.4.1塔壁和封头壁厚设计................................................................123.4.2质量载荷计算............................................................................133.4.3自振周期计算............................................................................143.4.4风载荷和风弯矩的计算............................................................143.4.5地震设计....................................................................................163.4.6偏心弯矩计算............................................................................193.4.7塔体的强度与稳定校核............................................................193.4.8裙座的计算................................................................................212第四章过程控制...............................................................................................244.1控制方案概述.......................................................................................264.2管道仪表流程图...................................................................................274.3开停工方案...........................................................................................284.3.1精馏塔开车方案........................................................................28