有机硅环氧复合改性聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料的研制

致谢本文是在导师殷锦捷教授的精心指导下完成的。在论文的选题和研究方法及思路方面，都得到了导师的悉心指导，使我获益非浅。借此机会，谨向老师表示真挚地谢意。老师严谨治学的态度、丰富的知识、深邃的学术思想、敏锐的洞察力、活跃的科研思维、诲人不倦的精神都给我留下了深刻的印象，是我学习的榜样，使我深受教益。我的实验能够顺利进行，与周围老师和同学的帮助是分不开的。在此要对院系各位领导、班主任刘学茹老师、实验室的各位老师及宋健平和姜胜男等同学表示衷心感谢！同时，在原料购买方面，烟台万华聚氨酯有限公司提供了难得的原料异氰酸酯，得到了王建经理的帮助，在此一并对他们表示感谢！感激养育我的父母、支持我读书的哥哥和懂事的妹妹，感谢他们对我的关心、照顾与默默的奉献！同时，我能顺利完成学业也离不开母校的支持和培育。毕业将至，祝愿母校更加进步，昌盛！感谢各位专家和教授对我论文的评审和指导。限于本人水平和实验条件有限，文中难免有不足之处，望各位老师给予纠正。-I-摘要近年来，随着材料的腐蚀现象越来越严重，对于腐蚀的防护也越来越关注。因此，本课题致力于研制出用于腐蚀防护的有机硅环氧复合改性聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料。实验以n(-NCO)/n(-OH)比例的变化确定了聚氨酯预聚体的昀佳配比；通过单因素和正交实验确定了有机硅环氧复合改性聚氨酯的昀佳方案；检测了不同锌粉固含量涂层的耐化学腐蚀性能，制备出有机硅环氧复合改性聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料。昀后对涂料进行了吸水率、冲击强度、拉伸强度、附着力、耐腐蚀性等性能的测定，以及红外光谱、扫描电镜、极化曲线和热重分析。结果表明：制备有机硅环氧复合改性聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料的昀佳工艺为n(-NCO)/n(-OH)=2∶1，二甲基硅油质量分数为8%，环氧树脂为5%，扩链剂为3%，交联剂为2%，增塑剂2%，纳米SiO2为4%，纳米TiO2为2%，反应时间为60min，反应温度为85℃，锌粉固含量为83%；研制出的涂料具有较高的力学强度、良好的附着力、较低的吸水率、较好的热稳定性和耐酸碱盐性能。关键词：有机硅；环氧树脂；聚氨酯涂料；锌粉；耐腐蚀性-II-AbstractInrecentyears,asthephenomenaofmaterialcorrosionismoreandmoreserious,moreandmoreattentionarepaidforthecorrosionprotection.Therefore,thissubjectcommittedtodeveloporganicsiliconandepoxyresinmodifiedpolyurethaneZinc-richanti-corrosioncoatingwhichisusedforcorrosionprotection.Theexperiment’sbestratioofpolyurethaneprepolymerisdecidedbythechangesofn(-NCO)/n(-OH)intheproportion.Andthebestschemeofsiliconeandepoxyresinmodifiedpolyurethaneisdeterminedbythesinglefactorexperimentandorthogonalexperiment.Andthentestchemicalcorrosionresistanceofcoatingswithdifferentzinccontent,PreparingthefinalorganicsiliconandepoxyresinmodifiedpolyurethaneZinc-richanti-corrosioncoating.Finally,thewaterabsorption,impactstrength,tensilestrength,adhesion,corrosionresistancearetested.Andpolarizationcurves,infraredspectroscopy,scanningelectronmicroscopyandthermogravimetricanalysisareanalyzed.Theresultsshowthat:theoptimumprocessconditionsoforganicsiliconandepoxyresinmodifiedpolyurethaneZinc-richanti-corrosioncoatingaren(-NCO)/n(-OH)=2:1,thecontentoforganicsiliconis8%,includingepoxyresin5%,chainextensionagent3%,crosslinkingagent2%,plasticizer2%,nanoSiO24%,nanoTiO22%,themassfractionofzincis83%,theresponsetimeis60min,thereactiontemperatureis85℃.Developedcoatinghashighmechanicalstrength,goodadhesion,lowwaterabsorptionrate,goodthermalstabilityandcorrosionresistance.KeyWords：organicsilicon；epoxyresin；Polyurethanecoating；Zincpowder；Corrosionresistance-III-目录摘要...........................................................................................................IAbstract............................................................................................................II1绪论............................................................................................................11.1聚氨酯涂料概述................................................................................11.1.1聚氨酯简介...................................................................................11.1.2聚氨酯涂料的发展概况................................................................11.1.3聚氨酯涂料的分类.......................................................................21.1.4聚氨酯涂料性能的影响因素........................................................41.1.5聚氨酯涂料的性能特点、用途和反应原理..................................71.1.6聚氨酯涂料的发展趋势................................................................71.2改性剂有机硅的相关介绍.................................................................81.2.1有机硅简介...................................................................................81.2.2二甲基硅油的性能特征................................................................81.2.3二甲基硅油的应用.......................................................................91.2.4有机硅改性聚氨酯简介..............................................................101.3改性剂环氧树脂的相关介绍............................................................111.3.1环氧树脂简介.............................................................................111.3.2环氧树脂的性能特征..................................................................121.3.3环氧树脂的应用.........................................................................121.3.4环氧树脂改性聚氨酯简介..........................................................131.4聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料的研究现状和发展趋势..................................141.4.1富锌防腐涂料简介.....................................................................141.4.2富锌防腐涂料的分类..................................................................141.4.3富锌涂料的防腐蚀机理..............................................................151.4.4富锌涂料在工程应用中存在的问题...........................................161.4.5聚氨酯富锌防腐涂料的发展趋势...............................................17-IV-1.5本课题研究的目的、意义和主要内容.............................................181.5.1本课题研究的目的和意义..........................................................181.5.2本课题研究的主要内容..............................................................182实验方法及过程........................................................................................202.1实验药品及原料..............................................................................202.2实验仪器及设备..............................................................................212.3性