英语：阅读理解解题指导--巧用构词法猜测词义

weightlifting…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.…Whatdoestheword“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工shop+liftershoplifterliftern.小偷WordFormation构词法巧用构词法原则帮助解答阅读理解中的猜测词义题构词法派生法（Derivation）合成法(Compounding)转化法（Conversion）缩略法（Abbreviation）ableunable;teachteacherspace+shipspaceshipvisitv.visitn.Doityourself.DIY一、派生法（Derivation）由词根(root)加前缀（prefix）或后缀（suffix）构成新词。un-否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisibleIsitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimesoversleep?1.over-:toomuchoverwork,overeatabovesth;acrossovercoat,overheadSomeimportantprefixes:Thetrainsare____________onFridayevenings.(crowded)overcrowdedHeenlargedhisvocabularybyreadingwidely.2.en-动词前缀enable,endanger,Readingcan______yourlife.(rich)enrichSomeimportantsuffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等sharpenapencilstrengthenbrightensharpadj.sharpenv.__________________strength_____________brightWiththeirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的二、合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.生死攸关的Down-to-earthspiritisanecessity.Sharpwordsfromateachercanusuallybringaday-dreamingstudentdown-to-earth.honestorpractical实事求是，脚踏实地HernamewasRachel,andImoonedmywaythroughthegradeandhighschool,strickenatthemeresightofher,tongue-tiedinherpresence.…Atanyrate,myloveforRachelremainedwithoutresult.Wegraduatedfromhighschool,shewentontocollege,andIjoinedtheArmy.Iwassentoverseasduringthewar.Foratimewewrote,andherletterswerethehighlightofthoseterribleendlessyears.tongue-tiedoverseashighlight三、转化法（Conversion）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。Heisamanwithbroadshoulders.Wewillshouldertheresponsibilitiesatanytime.n.v.take/bearSowhensomeonehashurtyou,calmyourselffirst.Takeacoupleofbreaths,andthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure…Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanacceptingtheactionofthepersonwhoupsetsyou.calmupsetshurtNevertroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.四、缩略法（Abbreviation）DVMVPSOS…Itwouldbeeasyforsomeonetomispresenthimselfonlinebecauseyoucan’tseehim.Thussomeonewhosaysthat“sheisa12-year-oldgirl.”couldreallybeanoldman.Whatdoestheword“mispresent”mean?A.MakingawrongjudgmentaboutB.UnderstandingsomebodywronglyC.GivingawrongdescriptionofD.Formingawrongopinionaboutmis-sth.isdonewrongorbadlypresentvt.describe2….Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaspecialpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.Theword“nonrecyclables”probablymeans?A.nonrecyclingpapersB.thingsthatcannotberecycledC.anythingcanberecycledD.recyclablethingsrecyclev.使再循环，回收利用recyclableadj.可回收利用的nonrecyclablen.不能回收利用的东西3….Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbetransplanted.Itisquitedifficulttoconnectaneyeballtoanewbrain…Theword“transplant”probablymeans?A.TotransportfromoneplacetoanotherB.TotranslatefromoneparttoanotherC.TomovefromonepartofthebodytoanotherD.Tochangeoneformtoanother.trans-changetransplant移植transport运输，交通4….MyteenagesonKarlbecamewithdrawnafterhisfatherdied.Asasingleparent,Itriedtodomybesttotalktohim,butthemoreItried,themorehepulledaway.Bysaying“Karlbecamewithdrawn”,theauthormeansthattheboychangedentirelyand_________.A.preferredtostayaloneathomeB.lostinterestinhisstudiesC.refusedtotalktoothersD.begantodislikehismotherwith-drawbackwithdrawn退缩，（在社交场合或情绪方面）变得冷漠Whenwedealwiththeproblemsinreadingcomprehension,wecanuseWordFormationtohelpus,butthecontext(上下文，语境)isalsoveryimportant.Thankyou!