浅析《老友记》中的合作原则与幽默效果

深圳大学继续教育学院毕业论文题目：AnAnalysisofCooperativePrinciplesandHumorousEffectsinFriends班级：姓名：学号：指导教师：日期：iAbstract:Thepurposeofthisthesisistoexploitthemechanismsofthegenerationandperceptionofhumorfromthepragmaticsperspective.ThisthesisdiscussessomehumorousconversationsintheAmericansitcomFriendsandthephilosopher’stheory,thenfindsouttherelationshipbetweenhumorandtheCooperativePrinciple.Indetail,whentheparticipantsmakeahumorousconversation,theymayfloutthemaximofQuality,ofQuantity,ofRelevanceorofManner.Humorousconversationissometimesinthiscasedeliveringaconversationalimplicature.Thus,thispaper,furthermore,islikelytoexploretheimpliedordeepermeaninghidinginhumor.Tosomeextents,thispaperassistsEnglishlearnerstobetterunderstandthewaysinwhichhumoroccursandthemeaningconveyedbyhumor,inparticular,toimprovetheirabilityofunderstandingandusingAmericanverbalhumorbecausethehumorinFriendsishumorofuniqueAmericanstyle.KeyWords:Cooperation;Humorous;FriendsiiTableofContentsPartOneAnintroductionofFriendsandHumor.............................................................................11.1ResearchBackground.......................................................................................................11.2ABriefIntroductiontoFriends........................................................................................11.3ABriefIntroductiontoHumor.........................................................................................3PartTwoAnAnalysisofFriendsDependsonTheMaximofQuantity..........................................42.1MakeYourContributionasInformativeasRequired.......................................................42.2DoNotMakeYourContributionMoreInformativeasRequired.....................................5PartThreeAnAnalysisofFriendsDependsonTheMaximofQuality...........................................53.1DoNotSayWhatYouBelievetobeFalse.......................................................................53.2DoNotSayThatforWhichYouLackAdequateEvidence.............................................6PartFourAnAnalysisofFriendsDependsonTheMaximofRelation...........................................7PartFiveAnAnalysisofFriendsDependsonTheMaximofManner.............................................85.1AvoidAmbiguity...............................................................................................................85.2AvoidObscurityofExpression.........................................................................................8PartSixConclusion...........................................................................................................................9Bibliography...................................................................................................................................111PartOneIntroduction1.1ResearchBackgroundcooperationandhumorisaveryintriguingandfascinatingphenomenonofhumansociety,whichismultidimensional,complexandallpervasive.Therefore,manyscholarsandexpertsatalltimesandinallovertheworldhavedoneprofoundresearchonit.Thesignificantfunctionsofhumorhavearousedtheinterestofmanyscholars.About2,000yearsago,peoplebegantheresearchonhumor.However,thestudyofhumorisnotasimpletaskforthereasonthatitisaninterdisciplinarysciencedrawinguponawiderangeofacademicdisciplinesincludingbiology,psychology,sociology,philosophy,geography,history,linguistics,literature,education,familyscience,andfilmstudiesandsoon.Moreover,therearedifferentreasonsandpurposesforhumor.Onemaywishtobesociable,copebetter,seemclever,solveproblems,makeacriticalpoint,enhancetherapy,orexpresssomethingonecouldnototherwiseexpressbymeansofhumor.Withinthe20thcentury,linguisticshasdevelopedgreatlyinalmosteveryareaofthedisciplinefromsounds,wordsandsentencestomeaningandtexts.Meanwhile,linguisticstudiesonhumorhavealsoextendedconsiderablytosocial,cultural,andpragmaticconcerns.Oneofthemostnoticeableachievementsinlinguisticsoverthepastfewdecadesisthedevelopmentofpragmatics.Itisnotlongbeforescholarsapplypragmaticsintohumoranalysis.Thepurposeofthisthesisistoexploitthemechanismsofthegenerationandperceptionofhumorfromthepragmaticsperspective.Thesignificanceofthestudy,Firstofall,forpeoplewhoareinterestedinhumorandpragmaticsorstudyingthistopic,thisthesismaybeabletohelpthemasameansofreferencetostudyaboutEnglishhumoraswellasitsrelationwiththefunctionofspeech.Moreover,itisveryinterestingtostudycomedyfilm-sitcom,sinceitcangivedifferentpointsofviewinstudyinglanguage.Whattheauthormeansisthatmostlypeopleobservethephenomenaoflanguageinseriousorordinarysituationbutincomedicsituation,thereisadifferentsetofsituationwherepeoplesometimesmayactuncooperativelyorimpolitelytoachievethehumorousscene.1.2ABriefIntroductiontoFriendsFriendisaworldfamousAmericansitcomtellingofthestoriesofsixgoodfriendsandtheirrespectiveprivatelives.ThestorytakesplaceinManhattan,NewYork.ItpresentsmostaspectsofAmericansociety,forexample,morality,socialvalues,familyvalues,sexvalues,religion,2government,institution,education,occupation,etc.andintroducespeopleofallwalkstotheaudiences,fromc