氧化镍和氮化镍纳米颗粒的制备

毕业论文题目氧化镍和氮化镍纳米颗粒的制备学院化学化工学院专业化学工程与工艺班级学生学号指导教师二〇一五年月日济南大学毕业论文I摘要纳米氧化镍、氮化镍在电磁学、催化等方面具有高活性、高选择性等一系列优异的性质，被广泛应用于磁性材料领域、气体传感领域、燃料电池领域和催化领域，是比较有前景的功能性无机材料。本文一方面探索直接利用液相法制备氧化镍，以克服传统的两步法制备氧化镍----先制备前躯体再通过高温热处理----的缺点；另一方面，也对纳米氮化镍的制备进行了初步探索。实验以硫酸镍和氯化镍两种镍盐为镍源，以蒸馏水和无水乙醇为溶剂，探索了反应时间、温度、有无沉淀剂和表面活性剂对产物的影响。所制备的产物通过X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）等手段进行了表征，并进一步对所获得的数据进行了分析。关键词：纳米氧化镍；一步溶剂热法；氮化镍济南大学毕业论文IIABSTRACTBecauseofthehighlyactive,highselectivityandaseriesofexcellentpropertiesofthenanonickeloxideandnanonickelnitrideinelectromagnetics,chemistry,sowidelyappliedinthefieldofmagneticmaterials,gassensingandcatalysis,fuelcellareas,isamorepromisingfunctionalinorganicmaterial.Inthispaper,ontheonehand,exploredirectnickeloxidepreparedbyliquidphasemethod,toovercometheshortcomingsofthetraditionaltwo-steppreparationofnickeloxide:Preparationbeforethebodyfirst,thenthroughthehightemperatureheattreatment.Ontheotherhand,forthepreparationofnanometernickelnitridehascarriedonthepreliminaryexploration.Experimentwithnickelsulfateandnickelchlorideasthesourceofnickel,withdistilledwaterandanhydrousethanolassolvent,toexplorethereactiontime,temperature,presenceofprecipitantandtheinfluenceofsurfactantsonproduct.ThepreparationoftheproductbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),UV-visabsorptionspectrahavebeencharacterized,andfurtheranalysesthedataobtained.Keywords:nickeloxide;onestepsolvothermal;nitridenickel济南大学毕业论文III目录摘要........................................................................................................................................IABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................II目录.....................................................................................................................................III1前言...............................................................................................................................-1-1.1纳米氧化镍的研究背景....................................................................................-1-1.2氮化镍的研究背景............................................................................................-1-1.3纳米氧化镍的制备方法....................................................................................-2-1.3.1气相法.....................................................................................................-2-1.3.2固相法.....................................................................................................-2-1.3.3液相法.....................................................................................................-2-1.4氮化镍的制备....................................................................................................-3-1.5光催化技术........................................................................................................-4-1.5.1光催化技术在现阶段的应用背景.........................................................-4-1.5.2光催化反应.............................................................................................-4-1.5.3影响光催化特性的因素.........................................................................-4-2仪器与试剂...................................................................................................................-5-2.1主要药品与试剂................................................................................................-5-2.2主要仪器............................................................................................................-5-2.3其他仪器............................................................................................................-5-3实验内容.......................................................................................................................-6-3.1实验前的准备.....................................................................................................-6-3.1.1反应釜内衬洗涤.....................................................................................-6-3.1.2电子天平预热及校准.............................................................................-6-3.1.3实验仪器的清洗.....................................................................................-6-3.2氧化镍纳米颗粒的制备.....................................................................................-6-3.2.1传统水热法制备纳米氧化镍的方法.....................................................-6-3.2.2“一步水热法”制备纳米氧化镍的探索研究.....................................-6-3.2.3X射线衍射（XRD）表征及分析..........................................................-8-3.3氧化镍纳米颗粒的光催化..............................................................................-12-3.3.1亚甲基蓝溶液的配制...........................................................................-12-3.3.2纳米氧化镍的制备...............................................................................-12-3.3.3样品的XRD表征.................................................................................-13-济南大学毕业论文IV3.3.4纳米氧化镍的光催化...........................................................................-13-3.5简单探索氮化镍的制备..................................................................................-14-3.5.1初步探索..............