亚麻酸及其生理生化功能研究进展

[]10013601(2011)030155005306亚麻酸及其生理生化功能研究进展周同永1,2,任飞1,2,邓黎1,2,皮立1,2,韩发1*,席梅3,任利平3(1.,810008;2.,100049;3.,810500)[]亚麻酸是一种具有多种生物学活性的多不饱和脂肪酸多年研究表明:亚麻酸存在于多种草本植物藻类和低等真菌中,可通过多种生物学机制发挥降血脂杀菌抗炎抗高血压抗动脉粥样硬化等一系列生理生化功能综述了亚麻酸生物资源代谢生理生化功能及相关机制的研究进展[]亚麻酸;生物资源;代谢;生理生化功能[]Q547[]AResearchProgressinPhysiologicalandBiochemicalFunctionoflinolenicAcidZHOUTongyong1,2,RENFei1,2,DENGLi1,2,PILi1,2,HANFa1*,XIMei3,RENLiping3(1.NorthwestPlateauInstituteofBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Xining,Qinghai810008;2.GraduateSchool,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049;3.HuzhuCenterofPopularizingAgricultureTechnique,Huzhu,Qinghai810500,China)Abstract:linolenicacid(GLA),aunsaturatedfattyacidwithphysiologicalandbiochemicalfunctionsofantiatheroscloresis,sterilization,antiinflammatory,antihypertensionandantiatherosclerosis,existsinvariousherbs,algaeandlowerfungi.Thepaperreviewsresearchprogressinbiologicalresources,metabolism,physiologicalandbiochemicalfunctionandrelativemechanismoflinolenicacid(GLA).Keywords:linolenicacid(GLA);biologicalresources;metabolism;physiologicalandbiochemicalfunction20,,(,),,21,,[]20100818;20110120[](2009GJG20004);(082B371211);(31070475)[](1985-),,,:Email:[e-mail]*:(1953-),,,Email:[e-mail][7],.K1[J].,2000(1):2630.[8],,.[J].,2000,20(5):818825.[9],,.NaCI[J].,2009(7):7881.[10],,,.[J].,2008,31(2):3236.[11],,.[J].,2002,25(4):11l4.[12]PUSHPAMR,RANGASAMYSRS.Variationsinchlorophyllcontentsofriceinrelationtosalinity[J].CropResearch,2000,20(2):197200.[13]SANADAY,VEDAH,KURIBAYASHIK.eta1.Novellightdarkchangeofprolinelevelsinhalophyte(MesembryanthemumcrystallinumL.)andglyeophytes(HordeumvulgareL.andTriticumaestivumL.)leavesandrootsundersaltstress[J].PlantCellPhysiol,1995,36(6):965970.[14]SANTACRUZA,ACOSTAM,RUSA,eta1.Shorttermsalttolerancemechanismsindifferentiallysalttoleranttomatospecies[J].PlantPhysiolBiochem,1999,37(1):6571.[15].[J].,1984(1):1521.[16]LiuJ.ZhuJK.ProlineaccumulationandsaltstressinducedgeneexpressioninsalthypersensitivemutantofArabidopsis[J].PlantPhysiology,1997,114(2):591596.(责任编辑:冯卫)2011,39(3):53~58GuizhouAgriculturalSciences11.1(linolenicacid,GLA)n6(polyunsaturatedfattyacid,PUFAs),C18H30O2,278,,,,GLA,,,6,9,12,(1)1Fig.1Thestructureoflinolenicacid1.21.2.1植物资源GLA,Heiduschka[1]1919(EveningPrimroseFlamily)GLA80,629GLA(5%)1,;GLA,,GLA,,GLAGLA,GLA,GLAGLA,1.2.2微生物资源,GLA,(Spirulina)(Spirulinamaxima)(Arthrospira)(Spirulinaplatensis)(Chlorella)(Mucorgloborus)(Mlpusillus)(Mucorrouxii)(Rhizopus)(Cunninghamella)[23]2GLAGLAGLA,GLA,GLA,GLA,1Table1linolenicacidcontentinmainplantsourcesFamilySpecies/%Oilcontentinseeds/%linolenicacidcontentinseedoilOnagraceae(OenotherabiennisL1)15~257~11.27Boraginaceae(SymphytumofficinaleL.)2120~26(EchiumvulgareL.)15~306.6~14(BoragoofficinalisL1)3515~25(Microulasikkimensis)35~457~13(AnchusacapersisThumb)2913(Nonneapulla)349.9(N.macrospermagBill)38.612.4Saxifragaceae()(RibesnigrumL.)14.43~1811.71~20隵(RibesnigrumL1)11.7~22.015~20Pinaceac(PinusbumandiiFranch.)28.5()70.1()20~30Ranunculaceae(AnermonecylinderGray)-19.0ScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaamarilandicaL.37.99.62Table2ThelinolenicacidcontentinhighyieldandqualitystrainsStrain/%Maximumoilcontent/%linolenicacidcontentinoil(Mortierellaisabellina)863~11(Mortierellaramanniana)467~12(Mortierellavinacea)663~11(Thamnidiumelegans)2120~30(Cunninghamellaelegans)5618(Cunninghamellajaponica)3721.2(Mucorcircinelloides)6515~18(Mucorhiemalis)4115.4(Mucorrouxianus)2814~15(Aspergillusterreus)5721542011,39GLA,1.3GLA3,,,,[4],,(Linoleicacid,LA)6GLA,GLA(dihomogammalinolenicacid,DGLA),DGLA(arachidonicacid,AA),(prostaglandin,PGs)(leukotriene,LTs)(thromboxaneb,TXB)GLA6,GLAGLA,,,GLA,GLA22Fig.2Themetabolicprocessoflinolenicacid22.1:GLA[5],[6]163:GLA81.5%68.2%64.8%(TC):1)E1(PGE1)TC;2)GLA,TC,;3)GLA,TC,,,GLA(HDL),(LDLC),,GLA,,GLA,52.2(Atheroma,AS)(VSMC)2625GLADGLAAA,,D1NO,,[7]GLA,GLADGLA,DGLAPGE1,PGE1DNA,ASFanY[8],GLAPGE1,VSMCVSMC,VSMDNA8.2%~10.1%GLA[9]GLALDL,,,,AS,GLA,n3n6,,GLA,,GLA[10],2.3GLAAsai[11]10:,GLA,LA1/2,AA1/8:GLA,,,GianarelloxBourbcalis[12]GLA(),,GLA500g/mL,15min,GLA,GLA,(Chlorophyceae)(Chlorellapyrenoidoa)(Chlamydomorasreinhardii)(Raphidophyceae)(Heterosigmaakashiwa)(MIC=25g/mL)2.4:GLA553,C,,3~6g/dGLAGLADGLAAA,DGLA,GLAAA3g/dGLA3,B4,GLADGLAAA[13]ChengSuechang[14]:RAW264.7NFBAP1,GLA(ROS),ROS,,[15],GLA,,,,2.5HIVGLAHIV[16],GLAHIV;,GLAHIVKinchington:(LiGLA)4d,90%HIV,20%,E(VE),LiGLA,LiGLAHIV,LiGLA20g/mL,HIVT2d,2~4d50%,MpanjuHIVGLA,,GLA,[17],n6HIV2.6GLAGLA,,,,ZhigangYu[18](SpontaneouslyHypertensiveRats,SHR)(WistarKyotoRats,WKY)GLA:GLA[114C](60mol/mL)[114C]GLA1h,,,15%,AA,,GLADGLAAA,,GLAAA,(PGE2),PGE2,cAMP,,2.7GLA,A2,A2(TXA2)(),(UrinaryPiostacyclin,PGI2),,,TXA2,,,,DGLATXA2,TXA2PGI2,GLA[19]2.8GLA:GLA40,Das[20]GLA,GLA,,(cyclooxygenase,COX)(lipoxygenase,LO)GLA,VEGLA,p53,bcl2,,,GLAGLA[21],VE,GLA562011,39GLAGLA(ezrin),,GLA,,GLA,2.9GLA[22],GLA,(),GLA,,(),,,LAGLA,Na+K+ATP,,GLA,,GLA,,GLA2.10GLA,,[23]GLA,,,2.11(atopicdermatitis,AD),,,,,,AD6(EFAs)[24],ADLA(DGLA)GLA,GLAADGLAAD2.12GLAGLA,,;GLASOD,LPO;GLAEPA,,,[25];GLA,,,[26];GLA,,,,[27],,GLA()(),[28],,GLA3GLA,,,:GLA