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直流电机典型例题1.一台并励直流发电机NP=16kW,NU=230V,NI=69.6A,Nn=1600r/min,电枢回路电阻aR=0.128,励磁回路电阻fR=150,额定效率N=85.5%.试求额定工作状态下的励磁电流、电枢电流、电枢电动势、电枢铜耗、输入功率、电磁功率。解:fNI=NfUR=230150=1.53AaNI=NI+fNI=69.6+1.53=71.13AaNE=NU+aNIaR=230+71.130.128=239.1Vcuap=2aNIaR=271.130.128=647.6WaNEaNI=239.171.13=17kW输出功率1Np=NNP=1685.5%1685.5%=18.7kW2、并励直流发电机NP=7.5kW,NU=220V,NI=40.6A,Nn=3000r/min,Ra=0.213.额定励磁电流fNI=0.683A,不计附加损耗,求电机工作在额定状态下的电枢电流、额定效率、输出转矩、电枢铜耗、励磁铜耗、空载损耗、电磁功率、电磁转矩及空载转矩。解:aI=NI-fNI=40.6-0.683=40AP1=NUNI=22040.6=8932WN=1Npp100%=75008932100%=84%2T=9550NNpn=95507.53000=24N·mcuap=2aIRa=2400.213=341W2203220.683NffNURI2cuffNfpIR=2200.683NfNUI=150W0189327500341150941NcuacufpPPpp189323411508441McuacufPpppWT=9550MNpn=95508.4413000=27N·m02TTT=27-24=3N·m3、负载的机械特性又哪几种主要类型?各有什么特点?答:负载的机械特性有:恒转矩负载特性、风机、泵类负载特性以及恒功率负载特性,其中恒转矩负载特性又有反抗性恒转矩负载与位能性恒转矩负载,反抗性负载转矩的特点是它的绝对值大小不变,但作用方向总是与旋转方向相反,是阻碍运动的制动性转矩,而位能性转矩的特点是转矩绝对值大小恒定不变,而作用方向也保持不变。风机、泵类、负载特性的特点是其转矩与转速的二次方成正比即2LTn,这类生产机械只能单方向旋转。恒功率负载特性的特点是在不同速度下负载转矩LT与转速n差不多成反比即LTn常数。4、一台他励直流电动机,铭牌数据为60NPkW,220NUV,305NIA,1000/minNnr,试求:(1)固有机械特性并画在坐标纸上。(2)0.75NTT时的转速。(3)转速1100/minnr时的电枢电流。解:(1)aNNaEUIR,3322101122030560100.3822305NNNaNUIPRI,2203050.038aE,2203050.0380.2081000aeNECn,02201058/min0.208NeUnrC,9.559.550.208305606NeNTCINm。根据(1058,0)和(1000,606)两点可画出机械特性。(2)当0.75NTT时的转速:22200.3080.75606105841.81016.2/min0.2089.550.208NaeeTURnTrCCC(3)当1100/minnr时的aI:2200.20811002320.038NaaaUEIAR。可见当01100/min1058/minnrnr时电动机运行在回馈制动状态。5、电动机的数据同上题。试计算并画出下列机械特性:(1)电枢回路总电阻为0.5NR时的人为特性。(2)电枢回路总电阻为2NR的人为机械特性。(3)电源电压为0.5NU,电枢回路不串入电阻时的人为机械特性。(4)电源电压为NU,电枢不串入电阻,0.5N时的人为机械特性。解:已知321010.0382NNNaNUIPRI,0.208NNaeNNUIRCn,9.55606NeNNTCINm,2200.721305NNNURI,02201058/min0.208NeNUnrC。(1)电枢回路总电阻为0.5NR时:20.50.72110586061058528.7529.3/min9.550.208nr,10580.873nT,根据(1058,0)和(529.3,606)两点可画出曲线1。(2)电枢回路总电阻为2NR时:220.7211058606105821151057/min9.550.208nr,10580.761nT,根据(1058,0)和(-1057,606)两点可画出曲线2。(3)电源电压为0.5NU,0cR时:0.0380.5105830552956473/min0.208nr,5290.092nT,根据(529,0)和(473,606)两点可画出曲线3。(4)0.5N,NUU,0cR时:0220'2115/min0.50.50.208NeNUnrC,21150.368nT,00.038305'211521151112004/min0.50.50.208aaeNRnnIrC,根据(2115,0)和(2004,606/2)两点可画出曲线。6、271Z型他励直流电动机,7.5NPkW,85.2NIA,750/minNnr,0.129aR,采用电枢串电阻分三级起动,最大起动电流为2NI,试计算各级起动电阻值。解:12285.2170.4NIIA,3322102211085.27.5100.1723385.2NNNaNUIPRI,311100.646170.4NstURI,3330.6461.710.129staRR,12170.499.61.171.71NIIAI,满足要求。11.710.1290.226staRR,2221.710.1290.377staRR,30.646stR,110.2260.1290.097ststarRR,2210.3770.2260.151stststrRR,3320.6460.3770.269stststrRR。7、他励直流电动机29NPkW,440NUV,76NIA,1000/minNnr,0.376aR,采用降低电源电压及弱磁调速,要求最低理想空载转速0min250/minnr,最高理想空载转速0max1500/minnr,试求:(1)NTT时的最低转速及此时的静差率。(2)拖动恒功率负载2NPP时的最高转速。(3)调速范围。解:采用降低电源电压调速时对应于基速以下,基速以上采用弱磁调速。(1)0NNnnn,440760.3760.4111000NNaeNNUIRCn,04401070.6/min0.411NeNUnrC,1070.6100070.6/minNnr,min0min25070.6179.4/minNnnnr,0min70.628.24%250Nnn。(2)拖动恒功率负载2NPP时应采用弱磁调速。0max1500/minnr,01070.6/minnr,0max000max/1070.60.4110.293/1500NeeNeNNUnnCCCUnn,0.713eeNCC,NNNPTT,max10001402.5/min0.7130.713Nnnr。(3)调速范围应将两种方法合并考虑。maxmin1402.57.82179.4nDn。8、一台他励直流电动机3NPkW,110NUV,35.2NIA,750/minNnr,0.35aR,电动机原工作在额定电动状态下,已知最大允许电枢电流为max2aNII,试求:(1)采用能耗制动停车,电枢中应串入多大电阻?(2)采用电压反接制动停车,电枢中应串入多大电阻?(3)两种制动方法在制动到0n时,电磁转矩各是多大?(4)要使电动机以500/minr的转速下放位能负载,NTT,采用能耗制动运行时,电枢应串入多大电阻?解:(1)11035.20.350.13750NNaeNNUIRCn,0.1375097.5aeNNECnV,minmax97.50.351.035235.2acaaERRI(2)反接制动时:minmax11097.50.352.597235.2NacaaUERRI(3)采用能耗制动方法在制动到0n时,电磁转矩0T。采用电压反接制动方法在制动到0n时:min9.551109.550.1346.32.5970.35NeacUCTNmRR(4)当500/minnr时0.135000.351.535.2eNcaNCnRRI9、一台他励直流电动机,13NPkW,220NUV,68.7NIA,1500/minNnr,0.195aR,拖动一台起重机的提升机构,已知重物的负载转矩LNTT,为了不用机械闸而由电动机的电磁转矩把重物吊在空中不动,问此时电枢回路应串入多大电阻?解:重物吊在空中不动,则0n,2200.195368.7NcaNURRI。
本文标题:直流电机典型例题
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