unit 1-8

UnitOneGhostsforTeaPartOneTheprotagonistwaspersuadedbyanoldmantousehistelescopeforaviewoverthebay.1)Theoldmanchargedhighpricefortheuseoftelescope.2)Theviewofthebaythroughthetelescopewasmagnificent.3)Theprotagonistsawanoldlighthouse.PartTwo•Theoldmantoldthestoryfiftyyearsagoaboutthelighthouseandsuggestedavisitthere.•1)MartinandBlake,workersandgoodfriendsinthelighthouse,quarrelledovercardsandreconciledbutnotcompletelywitheachother.•2)Astormlastedforoneweek.Onedaypeoplefoundthebeamflashedoutforawholenightandwentthereforinvestigation.•3)ItwasfoundoutthatMartinwasstabbedbyBlakebecauseofanotherquarrelovercards,andBlakejumpedofftherockandkilledhimself.•4)Itwassaidthatthelighthousewashaunted,andnobodydaredtoapplyforthejobthere.•5)Theoldmansuggestedaboattriptothelighthouse.PartThree•Theprotagonistprovedthestoryuntruebecausetheformerworkersofthelighthousewerehisfatherandhisfather’sfriend.UnitTwo•IndividualsandMassesPartOne•Paraone:Everyonemakescontactswithsocietyintwoways,inagrouporinacrowd.•Inagroup,anindividualremainsmoralandintelligent;inacrowd,anindividualloseshispowerofreasoningandcapacityformoralchoices.PartTwo•Paratwo:Thewriterspeakstoindividualsandtheoratorspeakstothemasses.PartThree•ParaThree:Thedifferencebetweenphilosophyandpropaganda.•Philosophyteachespeopletodoubt,whilepropagandateachespeopletobedogmatic.PartFour•Parafour:Ingroups,individualsareofvirtueandintelligence;inmasses,membersarecharacteristicofmindlessnessandmoralimbecility.PartFive•Parafive:Inanageofover-population,over-organizationandprevailingmasscommunication,weshouldtryhardtopreserveourintegrity.Sometimelater,perhapsitwillbetoimpossibletodoso.UnitThree•OnFriendshipPartOne•Paraone-parathree:peopleofeverynationvaluefriendship,buttheyhavedifferentexpectationsaboutit.Parttwo•Parafour-fourteen•Americanfriendship:InAmerica,‘friend’canbeappliedtoawiderangeofrelationship,buttotheEuropeans,thedifferencesarenotclear•Frenchfriendship:•InFrance,friendsaregenerallyofthesamesexorwithinthesamegroup.•InFrance,friendshipisaone-to-onerelationshipbasedontheintellect,temperamentandinterestofthetwoparties.•FriendshipinFranceiscompartmentalizedandisopentointellectualwomenonly.Usually,itisnotmadepartoffamilylife.•Frenchfriendshipheightensthesenseofeachperson’sindividuality.•Germanfriendship:•Germanfriendshipisbasedonmutualityoffeelingandfriendsareoftenbroughtintothefamily.•Englishfriendship:•Englishfriendshipisbasedonsharedactivity.Longintervaldoesn’taffectitmuch,andfriendsarenottoocloseortoodetachedfromfamilycircle.PartThree•Allfriendshiparecharacteristicoffreedomofchoiceandequalityofgive-and-take.Thesesimilaritiesmakethecommunicationsbetweensocietiespossible.UnitFour•ExplicitandImplicitMoralEducationPartOne•Paraone–four:Thestoryoftheguardsmanillustratesthattherearetwoformsofmoraleducation,whichshouldbeusedunderdifferentconditions.PartTwo•Parafive-eight:Somepeoplemayarguethatthemoralsofgamesarenotmorality,formoralityismuchdeeper,broaderandmorechangeable.Weusedtocarrymoraleducationexplicitly,butitdoesn’tdoatpresent.PartThree•Paranine-eleven:Intheexistingsituation,theonlyeffectivemoraleducationshouldanimplicitone.Everyoneofthesocietyisresponsibleforthemoraleducationoftheyouth.UnitFive•TakeaLessonfromtheEconomistsPartOne•Paraone-four:Differentfromproperscience,economicshasbeenscornedbypurescientists.•failingsPartTwo•Para5-8:Actually,economistshavedonemuchbetterinassimilatingthemselvesintopositionsofinfluence.Itcanbeprovedbycomparingtheeconomistsandscientistsingovernmentandindustry.PartThree•Para9-14:Scientistsshouldskimovertheinexactitude,viewtheworldbroadly,studytheconclusionsandlearnbettercommunicationskills.Effortsarebeingmadetocombinegeneralsciencewitheconomics.PartFour•Para15•Whatshallwelearnfromeconomistsastotheeducationinfuture.UnitSix•HowtoReadBodyLanguagePartOne•ParaOne:Besideswords,wealsocommunicatewitheachothernonverbally,whichisassystematicandconsistentasverbalcommunication.PartTwo•Para2-5:Bodylanguageisrelatedtoculture,regionandthelanguageonespeaks.Thefunctionofbodylanguageistoqualifythewords.PartThree•Para6-7:Thestudyofbodylanguage–kinesics–isadevelopingscience.PartFour•Para8-18:sometypesofbodylanguage•8-10:eyebehavior.Itisthemostpotentbodylanguage,anditiscultural-oriented.(Israel,America,England,somepartsofFarEast)•11-12:Sometimes,one’sbodylanguagecanrevealhistrueemotion,althoughhesaysanotherthing.•13-14:Posturecanreflectone’sattitude.•15-18:Onesubtlerbodylanguage,privatebubble,isculturallydifferent.PartFive•Para19:Itisdulliftherewereonlyverbalcommunication.Sometimes,nonverbalcommunicationismoreeffectivethanverbalone.UnitEight•TheHealingPowerofBeliefPartOne•Para1:Onexamination,itisfoundthatsomepeoplefaredwellintheirtherapies,whiletheothersdidn’t.PartTwo•Para2-6:Amongthesurvivors,therearesimilarcharacteristics.Annieisagoodexample.(thereasonsthataccountforAnnie’srecovery)PartThree•Para7-15:Studieshaveshownthathumanattitudesoremotionsaffecthumanbody.Theinstancesofheartbeatcontrollingandplaceboesareevidencesofbody-mindrelationship.Thatiswhyhope,faithandst