必修4 unit2 动名词作主语和宾语

1.动词-ing形式的构成：是在动词末加-ing形式构成。do-doing,ask-asking,否定形式：not+-ing构成2.动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。动词-ing形式主动被动一般doingbeingdone完成havingdonehavingbeendone动词-ing形式时态和语态主动被动一般notdoingnotbeingdone完成nothavingdonenothavingbeendone动词-ing形式时态和语态动名词的时态和语态1.完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.Hedidin’tmentionhavingmetyoubefore2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：Beingcalledafooldoesn’tbotherhimatall.二.动名词的性质动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为：1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingit.2.动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语Areyoufororagainsthavingthemeeting.Iinsistedonleavingatonce.一、动词-ing形式作主语1.动词-ing形式作主语，表示一般或抽象的习惯性行为，谓语动词用单数。如：Readingaloudisveryimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguage.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.三.动名词的功用2.在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放到句末。如：Itisveryimportantrememberingothers’names.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.nousenogoodnofun②It`s+ashame+doingawasteoftime/moneyuselessdangerous③Thereisno+doing...这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo…”①Lookingafterthepatientsisanurse`sjob.②Itisnogoodobjecting.③Itisnousecrying.④It`sdangerousplayingwithfire.⑤It`sawasteoftimecopyingother`shomework.⑥Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.⑦Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit.若要人不知，除非己莫为。2.可作宾语①S.+vt.+doingHaveyoufinishedreadingthebook?Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有：避免错过延期avoidmissdelay/postpone建议完成练习suggest/advisefinishpractise喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/appreciate/imagine/resist/can`thelp承认否定嫉妒admitdenyenvy逃脱冒险原谅escape/risk/pardon/excuse忍受保持在意standkeep/keeponmind注：在动词advise,allow,forbid(禁止)，permit（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。Wedon’tallowpeopletofishhere.Peoplearenotallowedtofishhere.eg.Theyoftenadvisenotsmokinginthepublic.Heoftenadviseshisfathernottosmokeinthehouse.putoffgiveupS.+keepon+doingsucceedincan`thelpfeellikebebusybeworthhavedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)②作介词/短语动词的宾语:S.+v.+prep.+doing“to”为介词的短语be/getusedtodoinggetdowntodoingpayattentiontodoingleadtodoinglookforwardtodoingobjecttodoinginadditiontodoingsticktodoing(导致)(反对)(坚持)e.g.①Shesattherewithout(speak)②Ilookforwardto(see)himagain.③Areyouusedto(live)therealone?④Whenmyfatherheardthenews,hecouldn'thelp(laugh).⑤Idon`tfeellike(go)toseethefilm.⑥Hewasbusy(prepare)hislessons.③主动表被动:want(需要)need(需要)require(需要)Sth.++doingbeworth(值得)使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义tobedone使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义①Theroomwants(clean).②Themethodneeds(improve).③Thispairofshoesrequire(mend).④Theproblemneeds(workout).⑤Thequestioniswellworth(discuss)d）动词“like,love,hate,prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动作”。意义并无很大区别。当用在should,would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.我喜欢游泳，但今天我不愿去游泳。Whatwouldyouliketoeattonight?你今晚上想吃什么？forgetdoing(已做)forgettodo(未做)goondoing(同一件事)goontodo(另一件事)meandoing(意味着)meantodo（打算做）regretdoing（做过）regrettodo（将做）rememberdoing（做过）remembertodo（去做）trydoing（试着做）trytodo（努力去做）stopdoing（停止做）stoptodo（停下来去做）e).一些特殊的动词充当谓语时，后面宾语既可是动名词，也可会不定式，表达的意义差别很大。动名词的复合结构•动名词复合结构的形式a)名词所有格/物主代词+动名词，如：IinsistonMary’sgoingthere.我坚持要玛丽到那儿去。Ihadnotheardofyourbeingill.我没听说你病了。b)名词通格/人称代词宾格+动名词，如：Usuallyatthebeginningofschool,thenoiseofdesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.Infact,Ithinkit’sverymuchnicerwithouthim,ifyoudon’tmindmesayingso.带有逻辑主语的动名词叫做“动名词复合结构”______illworriedmyparentsgreatly.A.IfellB.MefallingC.MyfallingD.IfallingC