集约化蔬菜地土壤磷素累积特征及流失风险

1,2,1,2,1,2,2(11,210095;21,210014):,3515202530a,(TP)(Olsen2P)(CaCl22P)(NaOH2P),020cm,(DPS)(MBC),020cm,NaOH2P,(TPOlsen2PCaCl22P)TPOlsen2PCaCl22PNaOH2P020cm,DPS,2530a05cmDPS(25%),MBC,,05cm:;;;:X52:A:1673-4831(2010)01-0082-05AccumulationandLeachingRiskofPhosphorusinVegetableSoilsUnderIntensiveCultivation.GAOXiu2mei1,WANGJi2dong2,LIUZhao2pu1,ZHANGYong2chun2,ZHAOGeng2mao1,XUXian2ju2,NINGYun2wang2(1.CollegeofRe2sourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China;2.InstituteofAgriculturalResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalScience,Nanjing210014,China)Abstract:Inordertostudyaccumulationandleachingriskofsoilphosphorus,soilsampleswerecollectedfromvegetablefields,differentinintensivevegetablecultivationhistory(3-5,15-20and25-30years)inthesuburbsofNanjingforassayofconcentrationsoftotalphosphorus(TP),availablephosphorus(Olsen2P),dissolvedreactivephosphorus(CaCl22P)andbio2availablephosphorus(NaOH2P),andPadsorptionin0-20cmsoillayer,andforassessmentofsoilphos2phateleachingriskthroughdeterminationofdegreeofphosphorussaturation(DPS)andmaximumbuffercapacity(MBC)ofthesoils.Resultsshowthatthelongerthehistoryofintensivevegetablecultivation,thehighertheaccumulationofphos2phorusforallPfractions,exceptforNaOH2P,whichwashigherinsoilsof3-5athanintheothertwogroups.TP,Ols2en2P,CaCl22PandNaOH2Paccumulatedmainlyinthe0-20cmsoillayer,anddecreasedinconcentrationwiththedepthinprofile.DPSincreasedwiththehistory.Inthe0-5cmsoillayersofsoilsof25-30a,theconcentrationofDPSwasevenhigherthan25%,theenvironmentalsensitiveindexforsoilPloss,whileMBCwasthelowest,suggestingthattheleachingriskofsoilphosphorusriseswiththecultivationhistory,particularlyin0-5cmsoillayer.Keywords:vegetablesoil;phosphorusadsorption;degreeofphosphorussaturation;maximumbufferingcapacity;leachingrisk[1],,[2-4],[2,5-6][7],[8-10],,,,Langmuir(MBC)(DPS),:(2006BAD05B08-03,2008BADA4B03-3);IPNI(Jiangsu-10):2009-04-25E2mail:[e-mail]2010,26(1):82-86JournalofEcologyandRuralEnvironment,1111,,1150mm,1515,,2070,,45,m(N)m(P2O5)m(K2O)=151515,1800kghm-2,,450750kghm-2,3515202530a5(3),GPS,315724N315727N,1184040E1184150E,0552020404060cm,20071214,01840125mm,112pHm()V()=1215,;-;;-;(TP)--;(Olsen2P)Olsen;-;[11];(CaCl22P)0101molL-1CaCl2--[12];(NaOH2P)011molL-1NaOH-[13];-[14]0125mm,0184mm:0184mm2150g100mL,50mL0101molL-1KClKH2PO4(pH710),1kg02050100200400600800100019802970mg,3,,(251)200rmin-124h,4000rmin-110min,,,[15],LangmuirQmax:cQ=cQmax+1K1Qmax(1)(1),c,mgL-1;Q,mgkg-1;Qmax(25),mgkg-1;K,(1)MBCDPS(Olsen2P)()[16]11Table1Basicchemicalpropertiesofthesoiltested/a/cmpH/(gkg-1)/(gkg-1)/(gkg-1)CaCO3/(gkg-1)35055181019021169413141940164011101011413821655207107012120184014851420133011101002215061192040713001251414941194114112201130102201940144406071360135914961712184015001130101161251177152005616501232513011401198111301130103441388131520710401252216021701191112301130103561127145204071170118161505110113511140113010278138211464060712301121210041600191017501120102571561918625300561200198241401170119901600113010227129618752061400156211901180118801610114010332153610820406173013816140315011440162011501025516581914060617701281316041801105014901180103451007162381:22111TPOlsen2PCaCl22PNaOH2P060cm,,:NaOH2POlsen2PCaCl22P(P0101)1TPOlsen2PCaCl22PNaOH2PFig.1VariationsofTP,Olsen2P,CaCl22PandNaOH2PinvegetablesoilsdifferentincultivationhistoryCaCl22P[17]185-204,05520cmCaCl22P,15202530a05520cmTP35a,,05cmOlsen2P6718986178mgkg-1,(Olsen2P60mgkg-1)[18]35aNaOH2P15202530a,NaOH2PNaOH2P[19],NaOHFeAl[20-21]NaOH2P,35a,,[22],NaOH2P212,pH[23-24]3515202530a05520cm2,2:,;,,22Fig.2Phosphorusadsorptionisothermsinvegetablesoilsdifferentincultivationhistory48262,05520cm05cm,35a15202530a,,35a10mgL-1,,,;10mgL-1,35a15202530a,15202530a1040mgL-1,,;40mgL-1,15202530a,35a,35aMBCLangmuir,22,r2018728019436,(P0101)Lang2muir,Qmax,35aQmax,FeAlCaCO3Qmax,05520cmQmax(r=01909)2Table2Phosphorusadsorptioninvegetablesoilsdifferentincultivationhistory/a/cmLangmuirr2KQmax/(mgkg-1)3505c/Q=010018c+010194018728010928555156520c/Q=010018c+010035019280015143555156152005c/Q=010028c+010618018739010453357114520c/Q=010023c+010172019143011337434178253005c/Q=010031c+010690018831010449322158520c/Q=010025c+010163019436011534400100Langmuir,c,mgL-1;Q,mgkg-135a520cmK,,05cmK:35a1520a2530a,520cm:35a2530a1520a;520cmK05cm,,213DPS[17]185-204,[25]3DPS,2530a05cmDPS30104%,152035a;520cm,253035aDPS[26],DPS25%,DPS;DPS25%[27],2530a05cmDPS,(P0101)3DPSMBCFig.3DPSandMBCinvegetablesoilsdifferentincultivationhistoryMBC3,MBC,05cmMBC581:520cm05cmMBC;520cm,35aMBC15202530a315202530a020cmTP35a,35aNaOH2P15202530a,10mgL-1,10mgL-1,2530aDPS35a,05cmTP,K,,DPS(25%),:[1].[J].,1990,27(1):104-112.[2]HECKRATHG,BROOKESPC,POULTONPR,etal.Phos2phorusLeachingFromSoilsContainingDifferentPhosphorusCon2centrationsintheBroadbalkExperiment[J].JournalofEnviron2mentalQuality,1995,24(5):904-910.[3]HESKETHN,BROOKESPC.DevelopmentofaIndicatorforRiskofPhosphorusLeaching[J].JournalofEnvironmentalQuali2ty,2000,29(1):105-110.[4]JORDANC,MCGUCKINSO,SMITHRV1IncreasedPredicted