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CaseStudy1AgeandStatus两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子,另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性,而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴…..Casedescription:Amanagerinadata-processingcompanywashavingdifficultydealingwithaconflictbetweenayoung,ambitiousFrenchCanadianmaleandhisco-worker,anolderChinesewomanwhowasonaspecialvisafromChina.Shehadrecentlybecomeuncooperativeandhadmadeitcleartothemanagerthatshewouldnotbewillingtotraveltothecapitalwithherco-workertoholddiscussionwithlegislatorsaboutanewproductwithgreatenthusiasm.Whenthemanageraskedherwhattheproblemwas,hereceivednoclearexplanation.Whenheaskedherco-worker,theyoungmanhadnoinsightstooffer.TheyoungFrenchCanadianwasclearlyannoyed,however,thattheChinesewomanwasrefusingtoshareherdatawithhim.Thatmeanthecouldn’tmakethepresentationtothelegislatorsbecauseshehadallthekeydataonhercomputerdisks.Themanagerrepeatedquestionstoherbuther“problem”gotnowhere.Sohechangedhisapproach.Hebeganexplaininghisconcerns,asmangerandasspokespersonforthecompany,abouttheupcomingmeetingwithlegislators.Hisexplanationabouthispositionwasunemotional.Inthatclimateshethenfeltshecouldexplainherposition.Sherevealedshefeltthatthatasanolder,andtohermind,moreseniorperson,sheshouldnotbesenttothecapitolwithayoungeremployeewhowoulddothepresentationofmaterialshehadworkedhardtodevelop.Thatwoulddiminishherstatus,shefelt.Thegeneralmangerknewtherootofhisheadache.Questions:1.Whatdoyouthinkcausedtheconflict?2.Whatwouldyoudotoresolvetheconflictifyouwerethegeneralmanager?矛盾冲突这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品.却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介:当经理和同事问其原因.她并未做任何明确的回答:而当经理改变策略,不再直接询问原因,而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时,她才道出自己的顾虑。在这位资深年长的中国女士看来,同一位比她年轻的同事一同去国会,并且由对方来做推介会影响到她的地位和威信,因此她无法同意:原因分析造成这一矛盾的文化因素有两方面.对地位、年龄的不同态度以及这种不同的表达方式。人对权力的认识因文化背景的不同而不同。根据霍夫斯特的调查研究,“低权力距离”国家的人强调个人的能力和信用,人与人之间权利和关系的平等,而.”高权力距离”国家,如中国、日本、纬国,强调地位、经验、年龄、资历等,人与人之间存在级别差距;因此在这位年轻的加拿大人看来,在工作上他与这位女士是平等的合作伙伴,并没有地位的差别,自己也有能力参与项目并做最后报告。而在这位中国女士看来,以自己的年龄、资历、以及工作中的付出,与一个年轻人一同去国会,并且由对方来做报告对她来说是一件丢面子的事:另外.双方表达方式的不同也导致了矛盾的加深。根据霍尔的理论,加拿大是“低语境”国家,中国属于“高语境”文化国家,因此,当她的加拿大同事没有充分考虑到她所处的位置.而是直接问她原因时,这位中国女士采用了婉转回进的策略,没有直接说出自己的想法。而当经理改变方法迂回地说到自己的难处时,在这种语境下她才说出自己的顾虑。Lowpowerdistancecountryonindividualabilityandcredit,therelationshipbetweenrightsandequality,and.highpowerdistancecountries,suchasChina,Japan,weftkingdom,emphasizingthestatus,experience,age,qualifications,existinggapbetweenpeoplelevel。SointheyoungCanadianopinion,intheworkheandthewomanareequalpartners,andthedifferenceinnoposition,alsohastheabilitytoparticipateinprojectanddothelastreport.AndintheChinesewomenseemto,intheirownage,qualifications,andworkinpay,andayoungmantogethertocongress,andbyeachothertodothereportforherisaloseface:Outside.Bothsidesexpressingwaydifferentledtothedeepeningofcontradictions.Accordingtothetheoryofhall,Canadaislowcontextcountries;Chinabelongstohighcontextculturecountries,文化沟通当与不同文化背景、年龄、地位的人进行跨文化交流合作时,我们应当充分了解对方价值观中对这些个人因素的看法,决策前应采用合适的方式进行有效的协商,以便避免和化解因文化背景、价值观不同引起的矛盾。本案例中的经理在理解她的难处之后,可以在全公司内正式的公布这位女士的工作成果,给予高度的认可.同时在议会的报告中也应体现出其工作的重要意义,使之得,得到应有的重视。Thiscaseofmanagerinunderstandingherdifficultyaftercaninallthecompanyreleasedwithintheformalthelady'swork,togivehighrecognition.Atthesametimeintheparliamentaryreportshouldreflectitsimportance,make,andgettheattentionitdeserves.CaseStudy2PraisingJapaneseinPublicWorkplaces(在工作场所当众表扬日本人)琼斯先生(美国经理)当众表扬苏琦木拓(日本员工)工作做得很棒,本以为苏琦木拓会高兴的接受,却不料…..Casedescription:American:Mr.Sugimoto,Ihavenoticedthatyouaredoinganexcellentjobontheassemblyline.Ihopethattheotherworkersnoticehowitshouldbedone.Japanese:(Heisuneasy).Praiseisnotnecessary.Iamonlydoingmyjob.(HehopesotherJapaneseworkersdonothear.)American:Youarethefinesse,mostexcellent,dedicatedworkerwehaveeverhadattheJonesCorporation.Japanese:(Heblushedandnodshisheadseveraltimes,andkeepsworking.)American:Well,areyougoingtosay“thankyou,”Mr.Sugimoto,orjustremainsilent?Japanese:Excuseme,Mr.Jones…MayItakeleaveforfiveminutes?American:Sure.(HeisannoyedandwatchedSugimotoexit).Ican’tbelievehowrudesomeJapaneseworkersare.Theyseemtobedisturbedbypraiseanddon’tansweryou…justsilent.Questions:WhywastheconversationbetweenMr.JonesandMr.Sugimotonotsopleasant?Whydidtheyhavesuchdifferentreactionstowardspraisinginpublicworkplaces?IfyouwereMr.Sugimoto,wouldyouacceptpraisefromMr.Jonesinpublicworkplaces?IfwereMr.Jones,howwouldyoudealwiththesituationmoreappropriately?分析矛盾冲突从对话中可以看出,琼斯先生认为在其他工人面前表扬苏奇木拓先生是对他工作的肯定.也是对他个人的认可,苏奇木拓先生应该高兴地接受,不必遮遮掩掩不好意思,更不应该一句话不说就走了。但琼斯先生只是从美国强调个人的概念出发,却不熟悉日本人是如何看待个人和集体的关系,不知道如何向日本同事表示欣赏和赞扬.结果适得其反。琼斯先生和苏奇木拓交流失败的原因主要在于都对双方的文化了解不深,特别是双方对个人与集体关系的看法不同。原因分析在霍夫斯特的“个体取向与集体取向”53个国家和地区的列表中美国排在第一位.而日本排在22位,这意味着美国是非常强调个人主义的国家,而日本更注重的是集体。在美国鼓励个人创断,提倡竟争.个人会因业绩优异而受到上司表扬,这是一种典型的美国式做法。特别是如果在同事面前受到表扬,个人会觉得很自豪,因为成绩得到了上级的认可,同时也在同事中间表现了自己,实现了自我价值。在美国,受到表扬的人往往会说“谢谢”’以作回答。TheUnitedStatesisverystressedindividualismcountry,andJapanaremorefocusedontheircollective.IntheUnitedStatesencouragesindividualcreative,advocatingcompetition.Individualwillandexcellentperformancebybossforpraise,thisisakindoftypicalAmericanpractices.Especiallyifinfrontofmycolleagueshavebeenpraised,peoplewillfeelveryproud,becausetheresu
本文标题:跨文化交际案例分析
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