汕头中心城区绿化检索表

第1页共8页汕头市中心城区主要道路绿化植物检索表纪展鸿，蔡丹珣，纪昶林，胡泽彬，李燕青（汕头市聿怀中学）摘要：本检索表根据汕头市中心城区主要道路绿化植物乔木、灌木、草本分类编制分种检索表。关键词：汕头市，道路绿化植物，检索表ShantoudowntownmainroadgreeningplantsretrievaltableJiZhanhongetal（YuhuaiHighSchool，shantou）Abstract:theretrievaltableShantoudowntownmainroadgreeningplantstrees,shrubs,herbaceousclassificationincompilingtheKeytoSpecies.Keywords:Shantou；roadgreeningplants；retrievaltable1.植物体木质部较不发达至不发达，茎多汁，较柔软·································（一）草本植物2.无明显的主干、呈丛生状态········································（二）灌木植物3.树身高大，由根部发生独立的主干，树干和树冠有明显区分汕头市中心城区的道路绿化植物，增强市民保护道路绿化植物的意识，我聿怀中学五位同学编制了本检索表。本检索表为定距式检索表，共收集了汕头市中心城区主要道路绿化植物共计71种，共分为乔木、灌木、草本三类。其中乔木41种，灌木17种，草本13种。编制中提炼植物易于对比的特征，简明扼要，易于理解。本检索表由我聿怀中学学生完成，编制过程中查阅、参考了其他地区的植物检索工具，并得到学校老师的指导，得以按质按量地完成这份检索表，在此对指导老师表示感谢。前言：汕头市温暖湿润的气候条件，为绿化植物的生长提供了优越的条件，汕头市积极引进优势植物充实绿化环境，造就了汕头市中心城区道路绿化植物的品种多样。汕头市道路绿化植物大量品种集中在中心城区东部、南部，以海滨路、中山东路、泰山路为较多，西部潮汕路绿化植物品种也较为丰富。汕头市道路绿化植物经过近十年的换种、增加，已经与十年之前颇有不同。为方便各界人士认识、了解第2页共8页·································（三）乔木植物（一）草本植物1.具气生根2.叶形箭形，叶脉周围呈黄白色，具肉质根，具佛焰苞························1合果芋Syngoniumpodophyllum2.叶形广心脏形，叶簇生，革质，叶片呈粗大的羽状深裂··························2春羽PhilodenronselloumKoch1.不具气生根3.叶剑形4.叶深绿色，多脉，有鳞茎····························3水鬼蕉HymenocallisSpciosa4.叶表面呈横带斑纹···························4虎尾兰Sansevieriatrifasciata3.叶披针形5.叶互生，叶上绿下紫，具肉质茎·······························5紫万年青Bletillastriata5.叶聚生，叶绿色或带紫红色，叶柄有槽，抱茎································6朱蕉Cordyliefruticosa5.叶间深绿色，基部具微毛，质薄而较脆··································7竹子Bambusoideae3.叶椭圆形6.羽状三出复叶，叶纸质，总状花序顶生或腋生·······················8假地豆Desmodiumheterocarpon6.叶对生，主脉白色明显，聚伞花序顶生···························9长春花Catharanthusroseus3.叶倒卵形7.叶对生8.边缘锯齿状，具短毛·························10南美蟛蜞菊TrilobateWedelia8.叶色紫红至紫黑，茎叶铜红色，头状花序············11大叶红草AltemantheraFicoideacv.'Ruliginosa'7.叶互生，茎具蔓性，花腋生，蝶形，金黄色····························12蔓花生Arachisduranensis第3页共8页3.叶剑状盾形，边缘浅波状，叶革质，具佛焰苞···························13海芋Alocasiamacrorrhizos（2）灌木植物1.叶形椭圆形2.叶对生3.叶纸质，具锯齿，总状花序································14.假连翘Fakeforsythia3.叶肉质，全缘，二岐聚伞花序·······························15.灰莉Fagraeaceilanica2.叶互生4.叶缘有锯齿，花丝白色或有红晕，花瓣5-7枚·····························16.山茶花Camelliajapomica4.叶全缘。花边缘带紫晕，花瓣6枚···································17.含笑Micheliafigo2.叶轮生5.叶3~5枚，具蒴果，花鲜黄色，花冠基部膨大呈漏斗状······························18.黄蝉Allemandaneriifolia5.叶5~9枚，具浆果，花小，白色，有香气················19.鹅掌柴Scheffleraoctophylla（Lour.）Harms5.叶片颜色形态多变，叶革质······························20.变叶木variegatedlaurel1.叶形倒卵形6．叶互生，具气生根，树干多分枝7.叶为金黄色················21.黄金榕Ficusmicrocarpacv.GoldenLeaves7.叶为绿色································22.寄生榕Ficuselastica6．叶对生8.叶革质，全叶密布腺体，雄花黄色，雌花橙红色·············23.胡椒木Zanthoxylumbeecheyanum‘Odorum’8.叶薄革质或纸质，花冠红色或橙红色·······························24.龙船花Ixorachinensis6．叶对生，两侧常不对称。果肉有粘胶质液，种子有短棉质毛第4页共8页·····························25.九里香MurrayaexoticaL.1.叶披针形9.叶3-4枚轮生。聚伞花序顶生，花冠深红色·······················26.红花夹竹桃NeriumindicumMill9.羽状复叶。全裂，裂片长短不匀。肉穗花序圆锥状，花金黄色······················27.散尾葵Chrysalidocarpuslutescens9.羽状叶拱形，树干呈酒瓶状·····28.酒瓶椰Hyophorbelagenicaulis(L.H.Bailey)H.E.Moore9.二回羽状复叶，叶互生，花冠呈圆球形，花色鲜红，似绒球····················29.美洲合欢Calliandrahaematocephala1.叶卵形10.叶互生11.顶生头状或短穗状花序，淡紫色花，叶红革质···············30.红花继木Lorpetalumchindensevar.rubrum11.伞形花序，黄绿色花生于红色卵圆形苞片中，枚具刺····················31.三角梅Bougainvilleaspectabiliswind10.叶对生。基部圆形或微心形。叶纸质，具球形浆果······························32.红果仔Eugeniauniflora（三）乔木植物1.叶圆形2.具奇数羽状复叶，圆锥花序，花白色3.叶长30~45cm，革质，具核果················33.人面子DracontomelonduperreanumPierre3.叶长18~45cm，纸质，具核果······················34.南岭黄檀DalbergiabalansaePrain2.叶先端分裂达叶长1/3~1/2，基部浅心形，总状花序，花红色·························35.红花羊蹄甲Bauhiniablakeana1.叶披针形4.叶对生，树皮棕红色，上部剥落，基部宿存，具球形蒴果···························36.尾叶桉E.ucalyptusurophylla4.叶互生5.具复叶6.具奇数羽状复叶，叶裂为条状裂片，长60~90cm················37.大王椰子Roystonearegia(HBK.)O.F.Cook6.具掌状复叶，叶长10~20cm，具轮生侧枝第5页共8页····················38.爪哇木棉Ceibapentandra(L.)Gaertn5.不具复叶7.具蒴果，伞形花序，花白色························39.大叶桉EucalyptusrobustaSmith7.具核果8.圆锥花序顶生，花小，无梗，淡黄色································40.芒果树Mangiferaindica8.总状花序，花粉红色····································41.扁桃Prunusdulcis4.叶簇生9.树干具环纹，羽状全裂，裂片多数······················42.假槟榔Archontophoenixalexandrae9.树皮暗红褐色，叶缘锯齿状，渐尖·········································43.桃树Peach4.枝轮生水平伸出，树冠塔形，果实外露，无种皮包裹··························44.南洋杉Araucariacunninghamii1.叶卵形10.叶革质11.阴头花序腋生12.具气生根，叶长4~10cm····················45.小叶榕Ficusmicrocarpavar.pusillifolia12.具有少数气生根，叶长10~18cm································46.大叶榕FicusaltissimaBl11.圆锥花序腋生13.基部圆形，不具复叶14.脉腋具腺点····················47.香樟Cinnamomumcamphora(L.)Presl.14.脉腋不具腺点····························48.阴香Cinnamomumburmannii13.基部歪斜，具偶数羽状复叶，具蒴果···················49.桃花心木Swieteniamahagoni(L.)Jacq.10.叶纸质15.具复叶16.具羽状复叶17.具偶数羽状复叶具球形蒴果第6页共8页································50.苦楝MeliaazedarachL.17.具奇数羽状复叶具球形核果·······························51.麻楝Chukrasiatabularis16.具三出复叶18.具浆果，圆锥花序，具膜质托叶·································52.秋枫Bischofiajavanica18.具荚果，总状花序，花冠蝶形，大红色······························53.刺桐Erythrinaindi