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Q/GDW182—2008I目次前言·····························································································································Ⅱ1范围··························································································································12引用标准····················································································································13总则··························································································································14术语和符号·················································································································15路径··························································································································36覆冰气象条件··············································································································37导线、地线·················································································································48绝缘子和金具··············································································································49绝缘配合和防雷···········································································································510导线布置···················································································································511杆塔型式···················································································································612杆塔荷载···················································································································613杆塔定位及交叉跨越····································································································9条文说明·······················································································································11Q/GDW182—2008II前言自2008年1月10日以来,我国南方大部分地区相继出现了持续的大范围灾害性冰雪天气,此次雨雪冰冻天气过程影响范围大、持续时间长、涉及面广、危害程度大,给受灾地区的交通、电力、通信和人民生活带来严重影响。由于覆冰严重,导致多条输电线路铁塔、导线、绝缘子、金具等遭到不同程度的损害。随着西电东送规模的不断扩大和送电距离的不断提高,输电线路电压等级越来越高,中、重冰区线路将越来越多,覆冰厚度越来越大,原《重冰区架空输电线路设计技术规定》(试行)在内容深度和技术层面上均难以指导中、重冰线路的设计。为了规范和优化中、重冰区线路设计,提高线路杆塔的抗覆冰过载能力,同时处理好安全与投资的关系,在总结我国重冰区线路设计运行经验及科研成果基础上,特制定“中重冰区架空输电线路设计技术规定”。规定针对中、重冰线路特点,突出了线路路径选择、导地线选择和布置、杆塔型式、杆塔荷载及交叉跨越等的技术要求。中、重冰线路设计,除应执行本规定外,尚应符合现行的有关国家标准和电力行业标准的规定。本标准由国家电网公司科技部归口。本规定主要编制单位:国家电网公司、中国电力工程顾问集团公司、西南电力设计院。本规定参加编制单位:中南电力设计院、湖南省电力勘测设计院。本规定主要起草人:舒印彪、于刚、刘开俊、郭日彩、梁政平、李喜来、葛旭波、张卫东、王永刚、李勇伟、郭跃明、王强、刘仲全、王劲、李力、肖洪伟、梁明、徐晓东、龚永光、李永双、邓安全、胡红春、段松涛、侯长健、何洪波、王勇、孙波。Q/GDW182—20081中重冰区架空输电线路设计技术规定1范围本标准适用于110kV~750kV中、重冰区架空输电线路设计,其他电压等级的高压交直流中、重冰区架空输电线路设计可参照执行。2引用标准下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件,其随后所有的修改单(不包括勘误的内容)或修订版均不适用于本标准,然而,鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方研究是否可使用这些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本适用于本标准。DL/T5158—2002电力工程气象勘测技术规程DL/T5092—1999110~500kV架空输电线路设计技术规程110~750kV架空输电线路设计技术规定3总则3.1电线设计冰厚大于10mm小于20mm(冰密度0.9g/cm3)的地区,称为中冰区,电线设计冰厚20mm(冰密度0.9g/cm3)及以上的地区,称为重冰区。3.2本标准作为“110~750kV架空输电线路设计技术规定”的补充。3.3中、重冰线路设计应首先采用避冰及抗冰。有条件地区经技术经济比较后可采用融冰及防冰等措施。对设计采用融冰及防冰等措施的线路应合理选择设计冰厚,以便具有一定的抗冰能力。3.4结合中、重冰区线路设计,有条件时应设置观冰站(点),加强对冰凌站资料的积累和设计、运行经验总结。3.5本规定根据输电线路的重要性按电压等级将线路分为三类:一类:750kV,500kV,重要330kV;二类:330kV,重要220kV;三类:220kV及110kV。4术语和符号4.1术语4.1.1雨凇glaze粒径较大的过冷却水滴,碰撞在物体上,先散开成水膜然后冻结成冰凌,呈湿增长方式。冰体透明坚固,比重大,粘附力强,常伴有冰柱。4.1.2雾凇softrime粒径较小的过冷却水滴,随气流浮动,在碰击物物瞬间即冻结成冰凌,呈干增长方式。冰体白色疏松,比重小,粘附力较弱,通常在物体的迎风面冻结。4.1.3混合凇hardrime当不同粒径的过冷却水滴,随气流浮动,在碰撞物体瞬间,部分呈干增长,部分呈湿增长。冰体呈半透明状,比重中等,常在物体的迎风面冻结,有一定的粘附力。4.1.4湿雪wetsnowQ/GDW182—20082冻结的雪片,在降落过程中,通过一段温暖层后,雪片趋于潮湿、融化,然后冻结在物体上,冰体呈白色堆积状,比重和附着力均偏小。4.1.5冻雨覆冰precipitationicing具有较大粒径的过冷却水滴,在重力作用下,沉积在物体上,冻结成雨凇或混合凇。4.1.6冻雾覆冰in-cloudicing具有较小粒径的过冷却水滴,随气流浮动,冻结在物体上形成雾凇,或混合凇。4.1.7覆冰气流airflowinicing即含有一定数量过冷却水滴的气团,能构成线路有较大的覆冰。4.1.8中冰区mediumicingarea设计冰厚为10mm~20mm的地区。4.1.9重冰区heavyicingarea设计冰厚为20mm及以上的地区。4.1.10基本冰厚referenceicethickness未作订正的正常设计冰厚。4.1.11设计冰荷载designiceload按设计规定要求选用的重现期年的冰荷载。4.1.12验算冰荷载checkiceload按稀有或低概率选择的计算冰荷载。此时,各构件材料的应力达到材料的屈服限度。4.1.13凝冻高度condensationlevel冬季覆冰时期,地面气温在0℃及以下地区的地面高程值。它有利于覆冰的形成与发展。4.1.14微地形地段partial-terrain线路中有利于覆冰加重发展的局部地形,如:a)高出于地区凝冻高度的地段;b)促使覆冰气流增速的垭口、风道地段;c)迫使覆冰气流抬升,过冷却水滴增多的长缓坡地段;d)使覆冰增长期加长的地段;e)冬季水汽充足的河流、湖泊等潮湿地区;f)在封闭低洼的盆形地区,可能形成局部沉积型覆冰小气候区。4.1.15可靠性高的连续档跨越reliablecrossbysuspensiontower为保证与被跨越物的安全间距要求:a)跨越档两侧的直线塔应能承受验算冰荷载和抗串倒的能力;b)交叉点的垂直距离应能满足邻档断线的要求;c)跨越档两侧直线型杆塔的悬垂线夹应使用强握力线夹或双线夹,防止导线滑移。4.2符号本规程所用的符号:As——构件承受风压面积计算值,m2;B1——构件覆冰后风荷载增大系数;B2——导线、地线覆冰后风荷载增大系数;d——导线或地线的外径或覆冰时的计算外径,m;K1——绝缘子机械强度的安全系数;Lp——杆塔的水平档距,m;T——绝缘子承受的最大使用荷载或断线、断联、验算覆冰荷载,kN;TR——绝缘子的额定机械破坏负荷,kN;Q/GDW182—20083Wo——基准风压标准值,kN/m2;Ws——杆塔风荷载标准值,kN;Wx——垂直于导线及地线方向的水平风荷载标准值,kN;——风压不均匀系数;c——导线及地线风荷载调整系数;z——杆塔风荷载调整系数;——风向与导线或地线方向之间的夹角,度;s——构件的体型系数;sc——导线或地线的体形系数;z——风压高度变化系数。5路径5.1路径方案选择在保证安全的前提下,应通过技术经济比较确定,并力求避开严重覆冰地段。5.2路径选择应尽量做到:a)避开调查确定的覆冰严重地段和覆冰污秽地区;b)沿起伏不大的地形走线;c)避免横跨垭口、风道和通过湖泊、水库等容易覆冰的地带;d)避免大档距、大高差;e)通过山岭地带,宜沿覆冰时背风坡或山体阳坡走线;f)耐张段不宜太长,一般不应超过3km;g)转角角度不宜过大。6覆冰气象条件6.1架空输电线路基本冰厚应采取以下标准:330kV及以下等级为离地10m高、30年一遇的冰厚;750kV、500kV为离地10m高、50年一遇的冰厚。确定设计冰厚时应对基本冰厚进行高度修正。6.2在有足够的覆冰观测资料,并确认资料有效性的情况下,应采用概率统计法确定线路设计冰厚,其概率模型宜采用极值Ⅰ型分布;甚少或无覆冰观测资料可用时,应通过对附近已有线路的覆冰调查分析确定设计冰厚,但不与
本文标题:Q_GDW182-20088中重冰区架空输电线路设计技术规定(正文)
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