句子结构和分类完整版

1英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征，谓语由动词构成，分简单谓语和复合谓语。①简单谓语----简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成。WestudyEnglish.Helookedaftertwoorphans.②复合谓语----复合谓语是由“情态动词或助动词+动词”构成，“连系动词+表语”也可构成复合谓语。HecanspeakEnglishverywell./Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo’clock.HeiswatchingTVnow../Heseemsunhappy.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound,look,feel，smell,taste,remain,feel,keep,stay,turn,become,get,go,come…）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5.宾补：有些及物动词的宾语后需要添加部分内容对宾语进行补充说明，这部分内容为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）2Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）注意：①主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。Hewaselectedmonitor./Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom./Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.②若复合宾语中，宾语部分过长，此时可以用形式宾语it，而真正的宾语后移。常见的结构有：think/believe/feel/find/consider/+it+adj./n.+todo/that从句。Ifeelitstrangethatsheshouldchangehermindatthelastminute.Imakeitaruletorecite15wordseveryday.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.9.同位语。与句中的某些成分，常常是名词或代词，是同一意思。可互相替换。Westudentsshouldstudyhard..DoyourememberDr.Wang,onewhotooktheplaceofourmathteacher?句子结构简单句的七个基本句型①主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.②主语＋不及物动词＋状语Herunsfast./Shedanceswell.③主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.④主语＋系动词＋主语补语（也成表语）Sheishappy．3⑤主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．/Sheboughtabookforme.⑥主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语Sheputallthebooksonthedesk./Shetreatsherstudentsverywell.⑦主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.句子的分类（从句子结构来讲，句子可分为三类）一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。eg.Wecleanedthewindowsandtidiedtheroom./LiHuaandLiQingwenttheretogether.Shewentout,boughtabottleofwineandreturnedhurriedly.二、并列句：由并列连词and,/but/yet/so/or/for/notonly…butalso…,/neither…nor…/either…or…等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。eg.1)IcomefromChinaandhecomesfromJapan.2)Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3)Helookedforiteverywhere,buthecouldn'tfindit.4)Shedidn'tknowtheanswertothequestion,sosheaskedtheteacher.5)He'sinterestedinmusicwhileJohnisinterestedinsports.6)Neitherwillhegohomenorwillhegotoschool.三、复合句（主从复合句）：从句分三大类分别是：1.定语从句Doyouknowthegirlwhoisinred?Thatisthenewmachinewhosepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.2.名词性从句(主语从句；宾语从句；表语从句；同位语从句)Whatisknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’swhatI’ddoifIhadthemoney.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwhatwe’lldoistorebuiltthebridge.3.状语从句（时间状语从句；让步状语从句；原因状语从句；地点状语从句；方式状语从句；条件状语从句；比较状语从句；目的状语从句；结果状语从句）Iwasabouttoleavewhensomebodyknockedatthedoor.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalotabouthistory.Thelittlegirlwon’tgotosleepunlesshermothertellsherastory.4一、指出下列句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.1.Youshoulds