The-Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale--Scale

NEWCASTLE-OTTAWAQUALITYASSESSMENTSCALECASECONTROLSTUDIESNote:AstudycanbeawardedamaximumofonestarforeachnumbereditemwithintheSelectionandExposurecategories.AmaximumoftwostarscanbegivenforComparability.Selection1)Isthecasedefinitionadequate?a)yes,withindependentvalidationb)yes,egrecordlinkageorbasedonselfreportsc)nodescription2)Representativenessofthecasesa)consecutiveorobviouslyrepresentativeseriesofcasesb)potentialforselectionbiasesornotstated3)SelectionofControlsa)communitycontrolsb)hospitalcontrolsc)nodescription4)DefinitionofControlsa)nohistoryofdisease(endpoint)b)nodescriptionofsourceComparability1)Comparabilityofcasesandcontrolsonthebasisofthedesignoranalysisa)studycontrolsfor_______________(Selectthemostimportantfactor.)b)studycontrolsforanyadditionalfactor(Thiscriteriacouldbemodifiedtoindicatespecificcontrolforasecondimportantfactor.)Exposure1)Ascertainmentofexposurea)securerecord(egsurgicalrecords)b)structuredinterviewwhereblindtocase/controlstatusc)interviewnotblindedtocase/controlstatusd)writtenselfreportormedicalrecordonlye)nodescription2)Samemethodofascertainmentforcasesandcontrolsa)yesb)no3)Non-Responseratea)samerateforbothgroupsb)nonrespondentsdescribedc)ratedifferentandnodesignationNEWCASTLE-OTTAWAQUALITYASSESSMENTSCALECOHORTSTUDIESNote:AstudycanbeawardedamaximumofonestarforeachnumbereditemwithintheSelectionandOutcomecategories.AmaximumoftwostarscanbegivenforComparabilitySelection1)Representativenessoftheexposedcohorta)trulyrepresentativeoftheaverage_______________(describe)inthecommunityb)somewhatrepresentativeoftheaverage______________inthecommunityc)selectedgroupofusersegnurses,volunteersd)nodescriptionofthederivationofthecohort2)Selectionofthenonexposedcohorta)drawnfromthesamecommunityastheexposedcohortb)drawnfromadifferentsourcec)nodescriptionofthederivationofthenonexposedcohort3)Ascertainmentofexposurea)securerecord(egsurgicalrecords)b)structuredinterviewc)writtenselfreportd)nodescription4)Demonstrationthatoutcomeofinterestwasnotpresentatstartofstudya)yesb)noComparability1)Comparabilityofcohortsonthebasisofthedesignoranalysisa)studycontrolsfor_____________(selectthemostimportantfactor)b)studycontrolsforanyadditionalfactor(Thiscriteriacouldbemodifiedtoindicatespecificcontrolforasecondimportantfactor.)Outcome1)Assessmentofoutcomea)independentblindassessmentb)recordlinkagec)selfreportd)nodescription2)Wasfollow-uplongenoughforoutcomestooccura)yes(selectanadequatefollowupperiodforoutcomeofinterest)b)no3)Adequacyoffollowupofcohortsa)completefollowup-allsubjectsaccountedforb)subjectslosttofollowupunlikelytointroducebias-smallnumberlost-____%(selectanadequate%)followup,ordescriptionprovidedofthoselost)c)followuprate____%(selectanadequate%)andnodescriptionofthoselostd)nostatement