2011年最新专转本英语课件《语法复习虚拟语气》

Definition陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。1.虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。if引导的虚拟条件句区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfhe_________he___________thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeIfmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout._________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.willwish引导的虚拟句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were现在haddone过去would/might/woulddo将来5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingasif/though区别：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.would+动词原形(将来)虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood时间条件从句if主句过去haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone现在did/werewould/should/could/mightdo将来1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.did退一步海阔天空evenif/though,wish,,ifonly等从句的虚拟与它相同。名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原的形式出现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthath