高中英语语法过关辅导课件-动词和动词词组

(七)动词和动词词组一、动词的同义词辨析1.常作为考点的同义词celebrate；congratulateinterview；coverdisturb；interrupt；botherappreciate；thankavoid；miss；escapebelieve；trustcare；mindattend；joinchoose；selectcollect；gatherpuzzle；confuseconsider；imagine；think；believecontain；includedefeat；beat；windemand；require；requestfetch；bring；take；carryprotect；preventhurt；ache；wound；damage；injuresuggest；advisestop；pause；quitsupply；provide；offerspend；cost；take；paywear；dress；have；putonhope；wish；expect；lookforwardto；desirecontinue；lastbear；standseparate；dividetell；say；speak；talkstrike；hit；beatfit；suit；match；adaptcheck；examine；testwatch；see；notice；observeoperate；do；workraise；rise；arisereceive；acceptrecognize；knowseize；catch；grasp；snatchrefuse；decline；reject；denyride；drive；operate；runsteal；roborder；book(预订)manage；trypersuade；advisewear；dressprohibit；forbid2.动词同义词辨析题解题技巧从四个方面考虑：①词义；②搭配(与介词或名词搭配)；③用法；④词性(及物动词还是不及物动词)【例1】Godisbelieved,intermsofreligion,tohave________theuniverseoutofdarknessandchaos.A.createdB.inventedC.discoveredD.produced[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的确切词义。create“创造”，指制造出新事物，使某物存在；invent“发明”，指科学技术上的发明，发明新的技术、工具、方案等；discover“发现”，指本来已经存在的东西，后来首次为人们所知晓；produce“生产，制造”，指通过机器或动植物生长而产生的新事物。根据题意“根据宗教的说法，是上帝在黑暗和混沌中创造出了宇宙。”可知答案为A。【例2】Hehasbeen________ofmurderinghiswife.A.chargedB.blamedC.accusedD.arrested[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与介词的搭配。charge“控告，指控”，常与介词with搭配：chargesb.withsth.“因某事而控告某人”。blame“责备，责怪”，常与介词for搭配：blamesb.forsth.“因某事而责备某人”。accuse“指控，控告”，常与介词of搭配：accusesb.ofsth.“因某事而控告某人”。arrest“逮捕”与介词for搭配：arrestsb.forsth.“因某事而逮捕某人”。据此可知本题答案为C，题意是“他被控谋杀了自己的妻子。”【例3】Heisthekindofpersonwhostopsatnothinginorderto________hisownpurpose.A.promoteB.obtainC.reachD.achieve[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词与名词的搭配。promote“推进，促进，提升”，表示使处于某一水平的人或物得到进一步发展，不能与名词purpose搭配使用。obtain“获得，得到”，多指获得信息、知识、忠告、许可等，不能与purpose搭配。reach“达到，达成”，在此最具迷惑性，但reach多与conclusion,decision,agreement,destination等名词搭配，不能与purpose搭配。achieve“达到，实现”，强调通过持续努力而达到预期目标，常与purpose,goal等名词连用。据此可知本题答案为D，题意是“他是那种不达目的不罢休的人。”【例4】MartinLutherKing,thegreatBlackleaderinthemovementagainstracialdiscrimination,was________theNobelPrizeforpeaceforhiscontributiontoworldpeace.A.grantedB.honouredC.awardedD.rewarded[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的用法。题意是“伟大的黑人领袖马丁·路德·金由于在反对种族歧视运动中为世界和平做出了贡献而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。”四个词都可作“授予”解，但award后可跟双宾语，构成awardsb.sth.结构。而reward不能接双宾语，多用于rewardsb.withsth.结构。grant亦可接双宾语，但多指授予或给予某人以权力或许可。honour不可接双宾语，常用于honoursb.withsth.结构。从题意和语法结构上来看，此题的答案只能是C。此题用了被动语态，实际上MartinLutherKing和theNobelPrize均是award的宾语。【例5】TherapidexpansionofcitiesduringtheIndustrialRevolution________ahousingcrisis.A.avoidedB.createdC.aroseD.occurred[解题关键]解此题的关键是要弄清楚这四个单词的词性。Avoid和create是及物动词，后接名词作宾语；arise和occur是不及物动词，后不可接名词作宾语，如表达住房发生了危机，要说housingcrisisarose/occurred。据此排除C、D两项。根据题意“工业革命期间，城市的迅速扩展造成了住房危机。”可知答案为B。二、动词词组动词＋介词/副词短语例句answerfor对……负责Youwillanswerforwhatyou’vedone.askfor请求Theboyaskedformorefood.carefor喜欢；照料Hedoesn’tcareforplayingfootball.comeacross偶然碰到Icameacrossanoldfriendinthestreet.callup打电话Ishallcallherupsoon.callfor叫(人)Hewillcallforyouintheevening.callon号召ThePartycalledonustostudyhard.giveup放弃Nevergiveuphope.getover克服，渡过You’llsoongetoveryourshyness.geton进展Heisgettingonwellwiththework.getin收进ThepeasantsgotinthewheatinMay.gothrough通过；细察Shewentthroughthebookbeforebuyingit.goover复习，看一遍Shewentoverthelessonsforthreetimes.gowithout放弃，没有也行Hehadtogowithoutfood.headfor朝……去Theshipisheadingforthenearestport.lookup查寻；向上看Heislookingupanewwordinthedictionary.lookthrough翻阅；浏览Theboylookedthroughthepicturebook.putup挂起Sheputupapictureonthewall.putoff推迟Thematchisputoffowingtotherain.runover辗过去Thebusranoverhislegs.resultfrom由……引起Hisillnessresultsfromovereating.resultin导致Overeatingresultsinhisillness.setabout着手干Theysetabouttheworkatonce.setout出发Theysetoutatdawn.seeto保证Seetoitthattheworkisdonewell.sendfor派人请Wehavesentforthedoctor.standfor代表Whatdoes“U.S.”standfor？turnto翻到，转向Pleaseturntopage10.takeoff脱去Sheaskedhimtotakeoffthecoat.turnout结果是Thedayturnedoutfine.turnup出现Hedidn’tturnupuntileleveno’clock.过去分词＋介词(这类短语常同连系动词连用)短语例句beabsorbedin全神贯注于Heisabsorbedinreading.bedressedin穿着Sheisdressedinred.beengagedto与……订婚MaryisengagedtoJohn.bejoinedto连接，结合Onepipeisjoinedtoanother.bemadeupof由……构成Acarismadeupofmanydifferentparts.bepreparedfor准备好Theyarepreparedforthejourney.betiredof(with)对……厌烦Heistiredofthiskindoflife.动词＋副词＋介词短语例句addupto总计为Theincomeaddsupto1,000dollars.breakawayfrom改掉，与……脱离关系Hehasbrokenawayfromthebadhabit.catchupwith赶上Icancatchupwiththem.getdownto开始认真做Let’sgetdowntobusiness.geton(along)with进展，相处Hegotonwellwithpeoplehere.goinfor参加，爱好Hehasgoneinforthelongjump.goaheadwith进行，继续下去Hewentaheadwiththeworkandgotitdone.keepawayfrom与……脱离关系，改掉Youshouldkeepawayfromthosebadchildren.keepupwith跟上Shecan’tkeepupwithothers.liveupto不辜负Weshallliveuptohisteachings.lookoutfor提防，照看Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.lookbackupon回顾Helikestolookbackuponhisschooldays.lookdownupon轻视，不重视Don’tlookdownuponhim.lookforwardto盼望Helooksforwardtoseeingher.putupwith忍受，容忍Ijustcan’tputupwiththatkindofman.runoutof用完Ihaverunoutofink.watchoutfor当心，提防Watchoutforthievesinthestreet.动词＋介词＋名词短语例句comeintouse开始使用，实施Thenewtoolcameintousetwoy