新人教版高二英语必修五Unit 3 Grammar过去分词做状语

我们先看几个课文中句子，读，翻译并理解过去分词在句中起什么作用？1.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company,called“FutureTour”,transportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.2.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.3.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastsleep.过去分词短语做原因状语2.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.1.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Comparethefollowingsentences:AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.BecauseIwashitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.表原因的关系连词状语状语Pastparticipleusedasadverbialandattribute一.过去分词的形式:done二.过去分词一般表示完成的、被动的动作。三.过去分词的作用:做定语，表语，状语，宾语补足语。Pastparticipleusedasadverbialandattribute•过去分词作定语:•作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词或相当于一个定语从句，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。•过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。e.g.abrokenvase,astolenwatchPastparticipleusedasadverbialandattribute•过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。e.g.Thehousebuiltin1912wastakendownlastweek.Pastparticipleusedasadverbialandattribute过去分词作状语:1.表示被动的和完成的动作。e.g.Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.2.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语。•WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.•WritteninFrench,Icannotunderstandtheletter.信是句子的主语，信被写，符合逻辑，句子正确。I是句子主句，过去分词的逻辑主语默认与句子一致。“我”被写，句子错误Pastparticipleusedasadverbialandattribute•如果过去分词的动作不是句子的主语发出时，前面再加逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构叫独立主格结构。e.g.WritteninFrench,Icannotunderstandtheletter.怎么改写才正确？•TheletterwritteninFrench,Icannotunderstandit.逻辑主语过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：=Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.1.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.1.过去分词（短语）作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句，可以在其前加上when,while,until等.2.=WhenitwastranslatedintoEnglish,thesentence…2.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.2.过去分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句，可在其前加上because，as等=Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.1.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.=Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.2.Surprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.3.过去分词（短语）作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句，可以在其前加上if,unless,once(一旦)等关系连词相当于：Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.1.Givenmoretime，wecoulddoitmuchbetter.相当于：Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintosteam.2.Heatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintosteam.4.过去分词（短语）作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时可用在although,though,evenif,eventhough等后面。=Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.1.Thoughwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.=EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.2.Evenifinvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.5.作方式、伴随状语的过去分词（短语），相当于由and引导的并列结构。=Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.1.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents,=Themanagerheldhisheadhigh,andhewalkedintotheroom.2.Holdinghisheadhigh,hewalkedintotheroom.1.Whenhewasaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.2.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.3.Becausehewasbornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.(时间)(条件)(原因)Rewritethefollowingsentences4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.5.Theteacherstoodthereandwassurroundedbythestudents.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbythestudents.(让步)(伴随)1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了)Compare二、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen二、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别•过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的_______________,即表示___________.•现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的_______________,即表示___________.动宾关系被动主谓关系主动DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.______thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用.________ather,hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLookedFillintheblanks1)___________(frighten)bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,__________(follow)bytwopolicemen.3)If__________(trap)inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although______(shoot)intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.5)Ilikereadingthenovels________(write)byZhangAiling.Frightenedfollowedtrappedshotwritten6)Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.7)ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).8)Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse______(paint)white.9)Therewasa________(surprise)lookonhisface.10)Hewas______(excite)atthegoodnews.11)Thestorywasso______(move)thathewas______(move)totears.writingrepairedpaintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmovedExercises:1.____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowed2.Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedBB3.Thenextmorningshefoundtheman___inbed,dead.A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying4.IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosst