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知识汇总词汇一、名词(Nouns)1.可数名词的复数变化基本规则类别变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加sdesk-desks以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词在词尾加esbus-busesbox-boxesdish-dishespeach-peaches辅音字母加y结尾的词把y变i再加esbaby-babies以f,fe结尾的词把f或fe变v再加esleaf-leavesknife-knives以o结尾的词在词尾加es在词尾加spotato-potatoeszoo-zoosTips:把f或fe变v再加es的辅助记忆口诀:妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)见了心发慌。躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。2.名词复数的其他变化类别例词不规则复数形式child-childrentooth-teethman-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesemouse–mice单复数同形sheepfishdeerChinese集体名词peoplefamilyarmypoliceTips:不能说apeople,apolice,但可以说aperson,apoliceman二、形容词(Adjectives)1.形容词的比较级、最高级的规则变化类别比较级构成最高级构成例词一般情况在词尾加-er在词尾加-esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词在词尾加-r在词尾加-stnice-nicer-nicest以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词把y变i再加er把y变i再加estheavy-heavier-heaviest重读闭音节词且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母,再加上er双写这个辅音字母,再加上estbig-bigger-biggest部分双音节和多音节词前面加more前面加most(最高级前一般加the)useful-moreuseful-mostuseful2.形容词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化good/well–better-bestmany/much-more-mostbad/ill-worse-worstfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestlittle-less-leastTips:right,wrong,full,favourite等形容词没有比较级和最高级形式。三、冠词(Articles)1.冠词的用法冠词主要用法示例不定冠词(a,an)元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a相当于oneThereisafoxintheforest.第一次提到的某人或某物,非特指Imetanoldmanonmywayhome.代表一类人或物Abirdcanfly.泛指一类人或物中的某一个人Iamastudent.用于习惯用语中havealook,haveatry,forawhile定冠词(the)特指某一件事、物或人ThebookisMike’s.上文中提过的事、物或人Ihaveakite.Thekiteisnice.指谈话双方都知道的事、物或人Openthedoor,please!用在姓氏的复数名词前,表示全家人TheGreensaresittingatthetable.用在世界上独一无二的事物前Thesunisbright.用在乐器名词前Ilikeplayingthepiano.用在序数词前Sarahlivesonthefifthfloor.用在形容词最高级前Tomistheyoungestoffive.用在习惯用语中inthemorning,bytheway2.不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况示例在国家名(非缩写)、人名等专有名词前China,America,Amy,Mary在表示月份、星期等的名词前inJune,onFriday在表示三餐、球类和娱乐运动的名词前havelunch,playfootball称呼、官衔、职位的名词前Mr.Zhang,DoctorLi复数名词表示泛指,表示一类人或事物Booksareourfriends.冠词通常不与其他的修饰词共同使用Thisismypen.(√)Thisismyapen.(╳)在一些固定搭配中bybike,inhospital,inbed,atnight四、代词(Pronouns)1.人称代词的单数、复数、主格、宾格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he/she/ithim/her/ittheythem2.物主代词人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数复数单数复数第一人称myourmineours第二人称youryouryoursyours第三人称his/her/itstheirhis/hers/itstheirsTips:形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词,例如:mybook=mine3.反身代词myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves(他们自己)五、动词(Verbs)动词常见的三种形式:构成例词第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加shelp-helpslike-likes以s,x,o,sh,ch结尾的,后加eswash-washeswatch-watchesdo-does以辅音字母加y结尾的,将y改为i,再加esfly-fliesstudy-studies不规则变化have-has现在分词(-ing形式)在词尾直接加inggo-goingbuy-buying以e结尾的,e不发音时,去e再加上inghave-havingmake-making以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加上ingrun-runningswim-swimmingget-gettingsit-sittingcut-cutting过去式(-ed形式)在词尾直接加edclean-cleanedstay-stayed以e结尾的,e不发音时,加dlike-likedlive-lived以辅音字母加y结尾的,将y改为i,再加edcry-criedtry-tried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写这个辅音字母,再加上edplan-plannedstop-stopped(动词过去式不规则变化汇总参见下发的资料)六、数词(Numerals)1.基数词变序数词的规律:一二三,特殊记,八去t,九去e,ve要用f替,ty变y为ie,后加th别忘记,要是遇上几十几,只变个位就可以。2.必备词汇:基数词序数词基数词序数词基数词序数词onefirst(1st)eleveneleventh(11th)twenty-onetwenty-first(21st)twosecond(2nd)twelvetwelfth(12th)twenty-twotwenty-second(22nd)threethird(3rd)thirteenthirteenth(13th)twenty-threetwenty-third(23rd)fourfourth(4th)fourteenfourteenth(14th)twenty-fourtwenty-fourth(24th)fivefifth(5th)fifteenfifteenth(15th)thirtythirtieth(30th)sixsixth(6th)sixteensixteenth(16th)fortyfortieth(40th)sevenseventh(7th)seventeenseventeenth(17th)fiftyfiftieth(50th)eighteighth(8th)eighteeneighteenth(18th)eightyeightieth(80th)nineninth(9th)nineteennineteenth(19th)ninetyninetieth(99th)tententh(10th)twentytwentieth(20th)onehundredonehundredth(100th)表示具体日期:IwasbornonFebruary22nd.七、介词(Prepositions)分类内容表示时间at在(几点)in在(年、月)on在(星期、日期)after在……之后before在……之前from…to…从……到…表示方位at在……in在……里面on在……上面near在……附近nextto挨着behind在……后面infrontof在……前面under在……下方beside在……旁边between在……之间above在……上方表示方向into进入out外面across横穿through穿过其他of……的with用for为;给about关于Tips:on表示与物体接触的上方above表示不与物体接触的上方八、副词(Adverbs)形容词变副词的一般规律类别构成例词大部分形容词在词尾加lyreal-reallyslow-slowly以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i,再加lyhappy-happilyeasy-easily某些一辅音字母加不发音e结尾的和以ue结尾的先去掉e,再加上y或lygentle-gentlytrue-truly必备词汇分类内容频度副词alwaysusuallyoftensometimesnever疑问副词howwhenwherewhy程度副词verymuchquiteenoughalmostlittleso时间副词nowthentodayyesterdaytomorrowlastnightatfirst地点副词Herethereeverywhere方式副词句子一.陈述句肯定形式变否定形式类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词(am,is,are,was,were)在be动词后直接加notHeisastudent.Heisnot(isn’t)astudent.Hewasateacherbefore.Hewasn’tateacherbefore.谓语动词含有情态动词(can,will,must,should...)在情态动词后直接加notHecanplayfootballwell.Hecan’tplayfootballwell.谓语动词为实义动词,且没有情态动词、助动词在谓语动词前加don’t,doesn’t(三单用),didn’t(过去时用)Ilikeapples.Idon’tlikeapples.Helikesapples.Hedoesn’tlikeapples.Ilikedapplesbefore.Ididn’tlikeapplesbefore.Tips:not与其他词连在一起时,一般写为缩略形式,但amnot不缩写。常见缩略形式如下:isnot=isn’tarenot=aren’twasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’tdonot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’tdidnot=didn’thavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tshouldnot=shouldn’tmustnot=mustn’tneednot=needn’tcannot=can’twillnot=won’t二、陈述句变一般疑问句类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词(am,is,are,was,were)第一步:把be动词放在句首第二步:改大小写;句号改为问号。Heiskind.Ishekind?谓语动词含有情态动词(can,will,must,should...)第一步:把情态动词直接放在句首。第二步:改大小写;句号改为问号。(注意人称的变化)Icansing.Canyousing?谓语动词为实义动词,且没有情态动词、助动词第一步:在句首加Do/Does/Did后用动词原形。第二步:改大小写;句号改为问号。(注意人称的变化)Hegoestoschool
本文标题:六年级英语知识点梳理
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