连词

ConjunctionsI.CoordinatingConjunctions并列连接词and,but,for,so,yet,or,nor,both…and,either…o,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,not…or,not…nor,aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan等.II.ConjunctiveAdverb连接副词1.表示添加或补充:else(也,还),besides(此外),furthermore(此外,再者),inaddition(此外),inthesameway(以…同样的方式),likewise(也,另外),moreover(再者),ontheotherway(另一方面),similarly(同样地),so(同样地)等2.表示转折:again,bycontrast(相反),conversely(相反),however(然而),instead(相反),nevertheless(但是),onthecontrary(相反),otherwise(否则),still(仍然),whereas(而)等3.表示结果:accordingly(因此,所以),asaresult(由于),consequently(结果是),forthisreason(因为这个原因),hence(因此),so(所以),therefore(因此),thus(于是,因此)等4.表示选择:otherwise(否则),rather…than(与其…不如…;不是…而是…),whether…or(是…还是…)等5.表示原因:只有for一个词6.表示强调或举例:indeed(的确),infact(事实上),inparticular(尤其),namely(即),thatis(tosay)(即),forexample(例如)等7.表示时序:afterwards(后来),earlier,first,later,meanwhile(同时),next,subsequently(后来),then(然后),等III.SubordinatingConjunctions从属连接词1.简单从属连接词:(1)wh-开头的单词:how(ever),what(ever),when(ever),where(ever),whether,which,who(ever),whom,whose,why等.(2)其他词:after,although,as,because,before,for,if,lest(唯恐),once(一旦)等.2.复杂从属连接词:(1)与that连用:assumingthat(假定),butthat(若不),consideringthat(鉴于),exceptthat(除了),forall(that)(尽管),given(that)(考虑到，鉴于),granted(that)(假定，即使),inthat(因为),inorderthat(为了),insofarthat(到…程度),now(that)(既然),provided(that)(如果，假设),savethat(除了…之外),seeing(that)(由于),suchthat(如此…以致),supposingthat(万一)等。(2)与as连用：accordingas(视…而定，依照),asfaras(就…,尽…),aslongas(只要),assoonas(一…就…)等。(3)其他的：asif(仿佛),asthough(仿佛),incase(以防)等。3.关联从属连接词:as…as,so…as,barely…when(刚…就…),hardly…when(刚…就…),scarcely…when(刚…就…),more…than(与其说…倒不如说…),less…than(不如…),nosooner…than…(刚…就…),such/so…as,so/such…that(如此…以致于),themore…themore,whether…or…(是…还是…)等。4.边际从属连接词:evenif(即使),ifonly(要是…就好了),justas(正如),onlyif(决不…除非),everytime(that)(每当),theinstant(that)(刚…),themoment(that)(一…就),duetothefact(that)(因为…的事实),forthereason(that)(因为…的原因),byreasonthat(因为，由于),forfearthat(唯恐),inspiteofthefactthat(尽管…的事实),inthelightofthefactthat(按照…的事实),onaccountofthefactthat(因为…事实),onthegroundthat(以…为理由),regardlessofthefactthat(不管…的事实),inthesensethat(在…意义上)等。连接词1)先后次序关系:atthistime;first;second;atlast;next;previously;simultaneously;eventually;lastbutnotleast;tobeginwith;tostartwith;toendwith;finally;seeing…;sincethen;firstofall;afterwards;followingthis;precedingthis.2)因果关系:because;becauseofthis;beingthat;anotherimportantfactor’reasonof…;since;as;asfor;inthat;owingto;dueto;forthereasonthat…;inviewof;thereasonseemstobeobvious;thereareabout…;forthisreason;asaresultofthis;therefore;…andso…;consequently;asaresult;thus;hence;so;sothat…;inconsequence;asaconsequence;accordingly;inevitably;undertheseconditions;thereupon.3)转折关系:but;evenso;however;though;eventhough;independentof;recklessof;despitethat;inspiteofthat;regardlessof;andyet;butunless.4)并列关系:and;also;too;aswellas;either…,or…;both…and…5)(补充)递进关系:furthermore;moreover;further;inthisway;still;notonly…butalso…;not…but…;inaddition(to);additionally,muchmoreinteresting,morespecifically,next,besides;asfaras…isconcerned;inotherwords;alongthislineofconsideration;ontheonehand…,ontheotherhand…;even;asapopularsayinggoes…;inordertodoit…;meanwhile;atthesametime;accordingly;inthefirstplace…;inthesecondplace…;equallyimportant;ofevengreaterappeal.6)比较关系:similarly;inlikemanner,incomparisonwith;whencomparedwith;comparedwith;wheninfact…;like…;likewise;similarlyimportant;apartfrom(doing)…;…ratherthan…,bydoingso;both…and…;inthesameway;notonly…but(also).7)对照(不同点):yet;still;forallofthat;notwithstanding;rather;neither…nor;although;though;but;however;somethingisjusttheotherwayaround;conversely;unlike;opposedto;asopposedto;incontrast(to);bywayof;onthecontrary;differentfromthis;asopposedtothis;nevertheless;contraryto;whereas;while;butontheotherhand.8)举例关系:forexample;forinstance;inthiscase;namely;asyouknow;youmayas/say;asheexplains;likesuchas;acaseinpointis…;consider…;inparticular;including…;foronething…foranother…;putitsimply;startedroughly;asanillustration,Iwillsay..;agoodexample(of…)wouldbe…;todetailthis,Iwouldliketo…;Itisinterestingtonotethat…;inthissituation;asproof;takecaseof;takeasexample(something);asfor;asregards;asto;accordingto;onthisoccasion.9)强调关系:infact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally;whatismoreimportant;inreality;certainly;ofcourse;indeed;inparticular;nottomention…;believeitornot;undeniably;otherthingbeingequal;itiscertain/surethat…;tobestrict;tobetrue;bydefinition;definitely;undoubtedly;withoutadoubt;intruth,inanyevent(不论怎样);withoutreservation(毫无保留地);obviously,notonly…but(also…);both…and…10)条件关系:if;unless;lest;providethat;ifitisthecase;inthissense;once…;ifpossible;ifnecessary;ifso;ifnotall;ifanything.11)归纳总结类:inotherwords;onthewhole;insum;therefore;hence;inshort;inbrief;tosumup;inconclusion;insummary;toconclude;theconclusioncanbedrawnthat…;forthisreason;inshort.12)地点关系:beyond;oppositeto;adjacentto;atthesameplace;there;over;inthemiddle;around;infrontof;inthedistance;farther;hereandthere;above;below;attheright;between;onthisside.13)目的关系:withthisobject;forthispurpose;inorderthat;in