京剧英文介绍

PekingOperaChinesetraditionaloperaisconsideredoneoftheworld‘sthreeancientoperas,togetherwithGreektragedyandcomedy(希腊悲剧),andIndianSanskritopera(印度梵语戏剧).Amongthemorethan360ancientlocaloperasinChina,PekingOperaisknownasChina’snationalopera,despiteitscomparatively(相对地）young200-yearhistory.OriginnAlthoughitiscalledPekingOpera,theoriginsofPekingOperaarenotinBeijingbutintheprovincesofAnhui(EastChina)andHubei(South-centralChina).Itsriseisdueingreatparttothefavorableeyes（慧眼）andpatronage（资助，赞助）oftheimperial（帝王的）royalties.（特许）PekingOperaisapurely（纯粹的）Chineseoperaformdatingbacktotheyear1790,whenthefamousFourAnhuiOperaTroupesfirstcametoBeijingincelebrationofthe80thbirthdayofEmperorQianlong(1711-1799)oftheQingDynasty(1644-1911).Thetourwasahitandthetroupes（剧团）stayed.In1828,somefamousHubeiOperaTroupeplayerscametoBeijing.TheartistsofHubeiandAnhuitroupesoftenjointly（联合）performedonthestageandabsorbedrepertoires（演奏曲目）,music,arias（唱腔）andperformingtechniques（技巧）ofeachotherandfromotheroperaslikeKunQu,QinQiangandBangZi,aswellasthelocaldialect（方言）andcustomsofBeijing.Itsrepertoiresmainlydepict（描述）fairytales（神话）ofpreceding（之前的）dynastiesandimportanthistoricalevents.Itwasafter1840thatPekingOperaformallytookshape（成形）,growingevenfasterduringthereign（当政）oftheEmpressDowagerCixi(1835-1908),whowasanoperaaficionado（爱好者）.ClassicPekingOperarepertoiresandthenamesofthefirst-generationmasterswereonthelipsof（流传）thepeopleinBeijing,andeventuallyprevalent（流行的）aroundthecountry.Hangdang生amalerole,suchasayoungman,anelderlyman,orawarrior（勇士）.老生武生娃娃生旦afemalerole,suchasayounglady,abeautifullady,aladywarrior,oranelderlywoman.正旦花旦老旦彩旦Themakeupforshenganddanrolesshouldhighlight（突出）theeyesandeyebrowsandtheapplicationofrouge.Thistypeofmakeupisknownasthesumian素面(plainface).净itisalsoknownasthepaintedface,usedonachivalrous（彬彬有礼的）andruggedmalerole.丑itisalsoknownasthelittlepaintedface,usedonvillainous（罪恶的）orcomic（滑稽的）characters.jingandchoufollowastandardwayofmakeup.Itusesdifferentcoloursandstrokes（动作)toexaggerate(夸大)theactors‘features,eithertobeautifythemortomakethemugly.Theyareusedtoshowthepersonalityofthecharacterandtoaddatouchofdrama（戏剧效果）totherole.ThisistheChinesefacialmakeupthatwearefamiliarwith.脸谱(variouskindsoffacialdesigns)Three-partmake-up(sankuaiwa三块瓦)Itemphasises（强调）theforehead（额头）andcheeks.（脸颊）Usedonheroesandwarriors.（勇士）Worn-outface(polian破脸)Alsocalledbrokenfaceoroldface,thestrokes,patternsandcoloursusedonthesefacesaremorecomplicated（复杂）.Theyexpressthecharacter‘sinnermost（内心深处的）feelings.Beancurdface(doufukuailian豆腐块脸)Awhitesquareisdrawnaroundthenose.Itisthepatternusedforachourole.Whiteface(fenbailian粉白脸)Whitepowderisappliedallovertheface.Ablackpencilisusedtohighlighttheeyes,brows,noseandmuscles.Itisusedoncunning（狡猾的）characters.Thecoloursareclassifiedasprimary,secondary,peripheral（次要的）andcomplementary（补充的）.Nomatterhowcomplicatedthemake-upmaybe,thereisalwaysonemaincolourusedtohighlighttherole'scharacter.Themeaningbehindthecoloursusedinfacialmake-up:Red--loyaltyandcourage忠诚和勇气Yellow--crueltyandsavagery残忍与野蛮Goldenyellow--godsanddemons神和鬼White--evilBlue--carelessnessandimpetuousness粗心大意和浮躁Black—righteousness忠义Green—chivalry侠义ourFamousDanActors四大名旦StagePropsinPekingOpera京剧道具TypesofFacialMake-upinBeijingOpera京剧脸谱RolesinBeijingOpera京剧的角色XipiandErhuang西皮和二簧WenchangandWuchang文场和武场PiaoYouandXiaHai票友和下海LongtaoandFigurant龙套”和“跑龙套”Qiba“起霸”Liangxiang“亮相”Thankyou