高级英语第二册修辞复习

1Lesson1PubTalkandtheKing’sEnglish1.TheconversationhadswungfromAustralianconvictsofthe19thcenturytotheEnglishpeasantsofthe12thcentury.Whowasright,whowaswrong,didnotmatter.Theconversationwasonwings.—metaphor2.Aswelistentodaytotheargumentsaboutbilingualeducation,weoughttothinkourselvesbackintotheshoesoftheSaxonpeasant.—metaphor3.Ihaveanunendingloveaffairwithdictionaries-Audenoncesaidthatallawriterneedsisapen,plentyofpaperandthebestdictionarieshecanafford--butIagreewiththepersonwhosaidthatdictionariesareinstrumentsofcommonsense.—metaphor4.Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKing'sEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.—alliteration5.Otherpeoplemaycelebratetheloftyconversationsinwhichthegreatmindsaresupposedtohaveindulgedinthegreatsalonsof18thcenturyParis,butonesuspectsthatthegreatmindsweregossipingandjudgingthequalityofthefoodandthewine.—synecdoche6.Otherwiseonewilltieuptheconversationandwillnotletitgoonfreely.—metaphorLesson3InauguralAddress1Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpassedtoanewgenerationofAmericans,borninthiscentury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitterpeace,proudofourancientheritage,andunwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthesehumanrightstowhichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andtowhichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworld.—alliteration2Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassure2thesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty—parallelism3United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.—antithesis4…inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.—metaphor5Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.—antithesisLesson4LoveIsaFallacy1CharlesLamb,asmerryandenterprisingafellowasyouwillmeetinamonthofSundays,unfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorableOldChinaandDream’sChildren.—metaphor2Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Shewas,tobesure,agirlwhoexcitedtheemotionsbutIwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.—metonymy4Backandforthhisheadswiveled,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.—antithesis5Itisnotoftenthatonesoyounghassuchagiantintellect.Take,forexample,PeteyButch,myroommateattheUniversityofMinnesota.Sameage,samebackground,butdumbasanox.—hyperbole,simile6Onemorechance,Idecided.Butjustonemore.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.—synecdoche7Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.MaybesomehowIcouldfanthemintoflame.—metaphor,extendedmetaphor81maydobetterthanthat,Isaidwithamysteriouswinkandclosedmybagandleft.—transferredepithet3Lesson5TheSadYoungMen1Theslightestmentionofthedecadebringsnostalgicrecollectionstothemiddle-agedandcuriousquestioningsbytheyoung:memoriesofthedeliciouslyillicitthrillofthefirstvisittoaspeakeasy,ofthebravedenunciationofPuritanmorality,andofthefashionableexperimentationsinamourintheparkedsedanonacountryroad;questionsaboutthenaughty,jazzyparties,theflask-toting”sheik”,andthemoralandstylisticvagariesofthe“flapper”andthe“drug-storecowboy”.—transferredepithet2Warornowar,asthegenerationspassed,itbecameincreasinglydifficultforouryoungpeopletoacceptstandardsofbehaviorthatborenorelationshiptothebustlingbusinessmediuminwhichtheywereexpectedtobattleforsuccess.—metaphor3Theprolongedstalemateof1915-1916,theincreasinginsolenceofGermanytowardtheUnitedStates,andourofficialreluctancetodeclareourstatusasabelligerentwereintolerabletomanyofouridealisticcitizens,andwithtypicalAmericanadventurousnessenhancedsomewhatbythestrenuousjingoismofTheodoreRoosevelt,ouryoungmenbegantoenlistunderforeignflags.—metonymy4Beforelongthemovementhadbecomeofficiallyrecognizedbythepulpit(whichdenouncedit),bythemoviesandmagazines(whichmadeitattractivelynaughtywhilepretendingtodenounceit),andbyadvertising(whichobliquelyencourageditby'sellingeverythingfromcigarettestoautomobileswiththeimpliedpromisethattheirownerswouldberenderedsexuallyirresistible).—metonymy5Youngerbrothersandsistersofthewargeneration,whohadbeenplayingwithmarblesanddollsduringthebattlesofBelleauWoodandChateau-Thierry,andwhohadsufferednorealdisillusionmentorsenseofloss,nowbegantoimitatethemannersoftheireldersandplaywiththetoysofvulgarrebellion.—metaphor6Thesedefectswoulddisappearifonlycreativeartwereallowedtoshowthewaytobetterthings,butsincethecountrywasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar,therewaslittleremedyforthesensitivemindbutto4emigratetoEuropewhere“theydothingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy,synecdoche7ThewaractedmerelyasacatalyticagentinthisbreakdownoftheVictoriansocialstructure,andbyprecipitatingouryoungpeopleintoapatternofmassmurderitreleasedtheirinhibitedviolentenergieswhich,aftertheshootingwasover,wereturnedinbothEuropeandAmericatothedestructionofanobsolescentnineteenthcenturysociety.—me