语用学与翻译-顺应论

LinguisticAdaptationandTranslation黄怡晴2012211058•ⅠTheoryofLinguisticAdaptationLanguageUsing:ContinuousMakingofChoicesThreePropertiesofLanguage•ⅡTheapplicationoflinguisticadaptationintranslationⅰ语言结构选择的顺应1)对语言，语码，语体选择的顺应2)对话语构建成分选择的顺应3)对不同类型/体裁话语和语段选择的顺应4)对话语构建原则选择的顺应ⅱ译者对语境选择的顺应顺应心理世界顺应物理世界顺应社交世界ⅠTheoryofLinguisticAdaptation•TheoryoflinguisticadaptationisputforwardbyVerschueren维索尔伦inUnderstandingPragmatics.•Pragmaticsisageneralcognitive,socialandculturalperspectiveonlinguisticphenomenainrelationtotheirusageinformsofbehavior.LanguageUsing:ContinuousMakingofChoices•Usinglanguageconsistsofcontinuousmakingoflinguisticchoices,consciouslyorunconsciously,forlanguage-internal(i.e.structural)and/orlanguageexternalreasons.•Thesechoicescanbesituatedatanylevelofform,phonetic,semantic,lexical,syntactic,aswellasthechoiceoflanguagestrategies.Thechoiceoflanguagestrategiesisrestrainedbycognitive,socialandculturalelements,whichinturninfluencethechoicesoflanguageforms.ThreePropertiesofLanguage•Variability（变异性）isthepropertyoflanguagewhichdefinestherangeofpossibilitiesfromwhichchoicescanbemade.•Negotiability（商讨性）isthepropertyoflanguageresponsibleforthefactthatchoicesarenotmademechanicallyoraccordingtostrictrulesorfixedform-functionrelations,butratheronthebasisofhighlyflexibleprinciplesandstrategies.•Adaptability（顺应性）isthepropertyoflanguagewhichenableshumanbeingstomakenegotiablelinguisticchoicesfromavariablerangeofpossibilitiesinsuchawayastoapproachpointsofsatisfactionforcommunicativeneeds.•.•Thethreekeynotionsarefundamentallyinseparablefromeachother.Variabilityandnegotiabilityprovidepossibilitiesandmeansforthelanguageuse,andadaptabilitygiveusenlightenmentthatlanguagechoicescanbemadetorealizecommunicativeneedsbasedonvariabilityandnegotiability.•“你们俩感情好不好？”毛主席问陈妻。“好。”陈妻答。主席听了很高兴。•ChairmanMaotalkedwithChen’swife.Hewaspleasedtoknowthattheyhadahappyhomelife.ⅡTheapplicationoflinguisticadaptationintranslation•Thechoiceoflanguageisthereflectionofthetranslator’smentalprocess.Changecanbemadetomeetsocialneedstosomeextent.•以恰当的方式在可能的范围内作出了符合交际需要的语言选择。ⅰ语言结构选择的顺应•Theadaptationoflanguageincludesthechoiceoflanguage,languagecode,languagestyle,languagediscourse.•Translationconsistsoftwoparts.•Themicroparts:lexical,phological.(语音，词汇)•Themacroparts:thelanguagecodetranslation,style.(语码转换，文体风格)1）对语言，语码，语体选择的顺应•Inthetranslationprocess,inotherwords,inthechoice-makingprocess,thetranslatorhastotakehislanguageability,theutilityoflanguageintoaccount.•Healsohastoconsiderthesocialfacts,politicalstance,ideologyandlanguagepolicy.•Let’smakethingsbetter.•让我们做得更好•Theoriginalversionisverysimple,whichisinaccordwiththerequirementofads.Thetranslatedversionhasthesamestylewiththeoriginalone.Thelanguageisverycolloquial,thesyntaxissimple.Allthesecreateawarmatmosphere.Thatis,thecompanyiswillingtoprovidegoodservicetocustomers.2)对话语构建成分选择的顺应•话语构建成分是指，语音结构，词素和词汇，分句和句子，命题以及超句结构等。•语音，不同的语调，重读，停顿会影响话语的表达和理解•词素和词汇使词语具有变异性和商讨性•句式名词性成分之间的语义功能关系，语序，命题结构以及段落，章节等超句结构，对话语的结构都具有制约功能。•“Ah!”saidJoe.”there’sanotherconwictoff”•乔说：“啊！又逃走了一个患（犯）人。”•Conwictisthemisspellofconvict.TheaimistoshowJoe’spoorEnglish.Thetranslatedversionuse患toreplace犯toachievethesamehumoreffect.•Senseandsimplicity•精于心简于形•Alliterationandlanguagestructureisretainedinthetranslatedversion.•Thechoiceisyours,thehonorisours•任君选择，深感荣幸•你的选择，我的荣耀•Antithesis(对偶)isretainedinversion2.3)对不同类型/体裁话语和语段选择的顺应•交际者对不同类型/体裁话语和语段选择的顺应涉及人的认知心理因素，即存在意识程度上的区别。有的选择可能是无意识的，有的则可能又强烈的意图。翻译时，译者应注意区分交际者对语言选择所表现出的意识程度，从而恰当地表达原文的意思。•顾客止步！•Stop!•Staffonly!•Thesignwanttogivewarningtothecustomers.Stopcanmakethecustomerfeelimpolite.However,the2ndversioncanshowrespecttothecustomers.4)对话语构建原则选择的顺应•话语构建成分的选择具体体现在词汇，短语，分句及句子上，在翻译中，译者一定要顺应译入语的特点和表达的需要。•话语的构建除需要选择话语类型和建构成分之外，还要遵循一定的话语建构原则。•在句法层面上，话语的构建主要依靠语法规则；•在话语层面，要把意义的连贯性和关联性做为话语建构的规则，因为语法规则不足以解释话语之间的逻辑关系。•一肚皮的酒，几乎化成醋酸。•TheconsiderableamountofwineHsin-meihadconsumedearlierwasburninginsideandmadehimsickwithjealousy.•醋酸sourvinegar,isveryhardforthewesternreaderstounderstand，soadaptationismadehere.It’stranslatedintosickwithjealousy.表示“妒火中烧”ⅱ译者对语境选择的顺应•顺应心理世界•顺应物理世界•顺应社交世界顺应心理世界•大凡在官场中从前清混到民国的人，全是比狗还下作。•Anyonewho’smeddledwithofficialdomforlongmustbelowerthanasnake’sbelly.•Dogisaadorablepetinwesterncountries,butinChinesetradition,dogisnotthatprefered.顺应物理世界•HowmanywinterdayshaveIseenhim,standingblue-nosedinthesnowandeastwind.•在许多冬日里我都看见他，鼻子冻得发紫，站在飞雪和西风中。•Eastwindiscoldandchillyinwesterncountries,butit’swarminChina.顺应社交世界•佳蕙听了跑进来，就坐在床上，笑道：“我好造化！”•LittleMelilotcameboundinginandsatdownonthebedwithagiggle.I’minluck.