主谓一致

1主谓一致谓语受主语支配，须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫主谓一致。主谓一致要遵循三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。一、语法一致原则主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。1.单数名词、不可数名词及单数代词作主语，谓语用单数；复数名词及复数代词作主语，谓语用复数。例如：Tomisswimmingintheriver.Alotofbookshavebeenboughtbythem.Hiswishistobeadoctor.Wearepreparingforthecomingexaminations.2.用and或both…and连接的并列主语，其谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：Bothmyfatherandmotherareadvancedworkers.我父亲和母亲都是先进工作者。Rubberandplasticsareuseful.橡胶和塑料是有用的。3、由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别由manya,each,every,no修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Everyboyandeverygirlwishestoattendtheeveningparty.4、在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后面的主语一致。Onthetablestandtwobottles.Therecomesourteacher.5、either,neither,each,one,theother,another,anybody,anyone,anything,somebody,something,everyone,noone,nothing等不定代词，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。(即由every-,some-,any-及no-等构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。)Eachofthebooksisinteresting.Everyoneinourclasslikesplayingchess.6、只有复数形式的名词，如：shoes,clothes,trousers,scissors,slippers,socks,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Herclothesaremadebyherself.但是，如果这些名词前面有apairof来修饰时，其谓语动词的单、复数，取决于pair的单复数。Thispairofscissorsbelongstome.Thosepairsofscissorsareyours.7、以-ing+s结尾的名词，如：savings,earnings,surroundings,belongings等；和某些名词的复数形式含有特定的意义如：arms（武器）,ashes（骨灰）,regards（致意）等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Thesurroundingsareverysatisfactory.Mypains（辛苦）havebeenrewarded.注意：以-s结尾的学科名词，如mathematics,economics,physics,politics,gymnastics，plastics等，虽然形式上是复数，常为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的国家、单位的专有名词常为单数，如：theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations等。GeneralMotorshasrecentlycloseddownaplant.(通用汽车公司最近关闭了一家工厂。)8、固定词组：anumberof+名词复数，数字+kindsof+名词，differentkindsof+名词，afew+2名词,agreatmany+名词,agroupof+名词,avarietyof+名词,anaverageof+数词+名词,a/themajorityof+名词,atotalof+名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof+名词，akindof+名词，thevarietyof+名词,thetotalof+名词,theproportionof+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasingeachyear.AnumberofthestudentsinourschoolhavejoinedtheYouthLeague.Therearedifferentkindsoftreesinthegarden.Thiskindofappletastesgood.但是acrowdof,agangof,avarietyof,agroupof+复数名词，视为整体，谓语动词用单数。9、alittle,agreatdealof,much,alargesumof,alargeamountof后面跟不可数名词，用单数谓语。Alargesumofmoneywassaved.10、acollectionof,amassof,apileof,aportionof,asetof,aspeciesof后面既可以跟可数也可跟不可数名词，但都用单数谓语。ThereisacollectionofpicturesattheTownHall.11、短语apairof,arangeof,abunchof,aseriesof,alineof,a/thiskindof,a/thissort/typeof后面跟复数名词，用单数谓语。AseriesoflecturesonlanguageissaidtobegivenbyMr.Stone.12、quantity和amount的用法量词复数名词不可数名词谓语动词复数单数alarge/smallquantityofYYalarge/smallquantityofYYquantitiesofYYYthequantityofYYYalarge/vastamountofYYlarge/vastamountsofYYtheamountofYY*1．aquantityof后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词。在它们分别和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词通常看of后名词的具体情况而采用单数或复数形式。如果是接不可数名词，则谓语用单数形式，如果是接复数可数名词，则谓语通常要采用复数形式（※偶而接单数式谓语，属非规范用法，宜慎用。）2．quantitiesof后既可接复数可数名词，亦可接不可数名词,后面的谓语都用复数形式。二、意义一致原则有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词依意义而定用复数。反之，主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。一般来说有以下几种情况：1、把度量、时间、距离、价格、书名等的复数名词看作一个整体时，谓语动词常用单数。Twohoursisnotenough.Fivehundreddollarsistoodear.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBaiwaspublishedlongago.Fivemilesisnotalongdistance.注意：若明显指的是个体，则根据语法一致原则。如：3Thereareonlytwopenceleftinmypocket.2、有些集体名词如：family,team,group,crew,class,audience,club,committee,company,couple,crowd,data,enemy,government,majority,media,party,public,staff,youth等作主语时，谓语动词根据其意义，单、复数均可用。名词作为整体，动词则用单数；但如果名词指各个个体，动词则用复数。例如：Myfamilyisabigone.MyfamilywerewatchingTVthen.ThepopulationofShanghaiisincreasingveryfast.Twofifthsofthepopulationinthecountryarepeasants.Thecouplearespendingtheirhoneymoon.Eachcouplewasaskedtocompleteaform.某些集体名词如people,police,cattle,goods,poultry（家禽）只当作复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.Domesticcattleprovideuswithmilkandbeef.ThegoodsbelongtoMrWang.单复数同形的名词如deer,sheep,fish等作主语时，谓语动词根据意义，决定单复数。Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.news,politics,physics,plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。Nonewsisgoodnews.复数形式的单复数同形的名词如means（方法）,works(工厂),species（种类）等，谓语动词根据意义，决定单复数。The/Thisglassworkswassetupin1980.The/Theseglassworksareneartherailwaystation.*work:“工作”，为不可数名词；“著作”，为可数名词，有单复数之分。当它们前面有a,sucha,this,that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all,such,these,those修饰时，用复数。3、当all，some,any,none,heapsof,half，most，therest，lotsof，alotof,plentyof,aproportionof,loadsof,apartof,thepartof,massesof,themassof,分数/百分数/小数后跟of短语做主语，表示全部或部分概念时，谓语动词的形式要用意义一致原则。如所跟名词为复数，谓语动词用复数；如所跟名词为单数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：Allofthestudentsarehereontime.Alloftheworkhasbeenfinished.Therestofthemoneyisnotenough.TherestofmyholidayswerespentinLondon.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.60percentofthestudentsinourclassareLeaguemembers.Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.4、两个或两个以上的并列主语，如果指同一人或同一物或同一概念时，根据其意义，要用单数谓语动词。这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.Asingeranddanceriscomingtoattendourmeeting.4但如果and连接的两个名词虽指两个人，但表示同一概念，谓语仍用单数。例如：JohnandAliceatthesamebridgetableisunthinkable.约翰和爱丽斯在同一张桥牌桌上玩真是不可思议。thehusbandandwife，fatherandmother,motheranddaughter，peaceandwar这类已成短语的名词作主语，谓语往往用单数。例如：Fatherandmotherishusbandandwife;husbandandwifeisoneflesh.父母是夫妻；夫妻是一体。WarandPeaceisthelongestbookI’veread.5、由定冠词+形容词/分词作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据主语的意义而定。表示一类人，用复数谓语，表示个体，用单数谓语。例如：Thesickwereallwelltreated.Thesickishisgrandpa.TheFrenchspeakFrench.Theoldaretakengoodcareof.6、名词性从句或非谓语动词作主语时，一般用单数谓语动词。例如：HowweretheP