每周一练定语从句一

中国权威高考信息资源门户一、定语从句的形式1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫，短语或句子叫先行词。3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词的选择1．选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句．．．．中作什么成分含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。句1：HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.句2：Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.句3：Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.句4：Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的；在句3和句4中，先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。中国权威高考信息资源门户中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。2.选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where,原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）例如：Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.找：（略）还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：Ioncestudiedattheschool.Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。替换：根据“对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。因此，答案为：1.where；2.that/which；3.Where3.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich中国权威高考信息资源门户答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。三、关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语和定语词例先行词充当成分例句who人主语Thisisthedoctorwhosavedmylife.whom人宾语Sheisthenewstudent(whom)Iwanttotelltoyou.that人&物主语、宾语（指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which）which物主语、宾语1.Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.2.Thenovel(which)Tomboughtisveryinteresting.as物主语、宾语Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人&物定语TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams注意1：只能用that不用which或者who的情况：先行词前有下列词出现时只能用that“第一个最好的特指人物吗？不一定，有疑问。”序数词(thefirst等)特指(theonly/thevery)先行词同时有人和物在who/which问句中形容词最高级(thebest等)不定代词(something/nothing/anything/all等表不确定数量)注意2：只能用which或者who不用that的情况：1）有介词时，介词+which(介词只能与which/whom连用)2）在非限定定语从句（有逗号的定语从句）3）先行词为that/those时：What’sthatwhichisfloatingontheriver?四、综合练习（一）把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.____________________________________________________________________2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.____________________________________________________________________3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.中国权威高考信息资源门户’tstudyhard.____________________________________________________________________5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.____________________________________________________________________6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.____________________________________________________________________7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.____________________________________________________________________8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.____________________________________________________________________9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.____________________________________________________________________10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.____________________________________________________________________11.Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp.____________________________________________________________________12.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit.____________________________________________________________________13.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogether.____________________________________________________________________14.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.____________________________________________________________________15.Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit.____________________________________________________________________16.TheoldOlympicGamescoulddatebackto776BC.Themoderngamescomefromit.____________________________________________________________________17.IhaveninefriendsinAmerica.Fourofthemworkasdoctors.____________________________________________________________________中国权威高考信息资源门户（二）翻译句子1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生____________________________________________________________________2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生____________________________________________________________________3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。_