毕业论文之谈幼儿园自制玩教具的开发与利用(学前教育)[原创][1]

本科毕业论文题目谈幼儿园自制玩教具的开发与利用学生姓名***专业名称学前教育指导教师郭丽2011年5月9日1目录一、自制玩教具的内涵···········································································(4)二、自制玩教具的作用···········································································(4)（一）从幼儿的角度看······································································(4)（二）从教师的角度看······································································(5)（三）从家长的角度看······································································(5)三、自制玩教具存在的问题·····································································(6)四、自制玩教具的设计原则·····································································(6)（一）教育性··················································································(6)（二）科学性··················································································(7)（三）趣味性··················································································(7)（四）创新性··················································································(7)（五）简易性··················································································(7)（六）安全性··················································································(7)五、自制玩教具的基本方法···············································································(7)（一）自然类材料·······················································································(8)（二）纸制品、印刷类材料·········································································(8)（三）布、线类材料····················································································(8)（四）塑料类材料·······················································································(8)参考文献·····························································································(9)谢辞·······························································································(10)附录1.论文任务书··························································(错误!未定义书签。)2.论文中期检查报告·················································(错误!未定义书签。)3.指导教师指导记录表··············································(错误!未定义书签。)4.论文结题报告·······················································(错误!未定义书签。)5.成绩评定及答辩评议表···········································(错误!未定义书签。)6.论文答辩过程记录·················································(错误!未定义书签。)2谈幼儿园自制玩教具的开发与利用摘要：现如今利用各种废旧生活材料或自然材料制作玩教具是国际上正在流行的一种全新的玩具观。自制教玩具是为了能让幼儿在自制的过程中发展自己各方面的能力，让幼儿在充分的活动中得以满足，获得知识、技能的提高。一个成功的自制玩教具，必备的因素有合适的材料、巧妙的设计方法、严谨的教育设计策略和可操作的教育措施。自制玩教具的设计要能充分发挥教育优势，要根据幼儿发展需要和教育需求加以巧妙设计，有效利用其教育因素开展教育活动，以更促进幼儿的发展。关键词：玩教具；自制；设计；开发3ResearchontheExploitationandUtilizationofHomemadeToysandTeachingAidsofKindergartenAbstract:Nowadays,usingvariouskindsofwastematerialsfromdailylifeandthenaturetomaketoysandteachingaidshasbecomeanewtoy-makingconcept,whichisinternationallypopularized.Thepurposeofmakinghomemadetoysandteachingaidsistodevelopchildren’scomprehensiveskillsintheprocess,satisfythembysufficientactivitiesandtogainknowledgeandskillsaccordingly.Appropriatematerials,ingeniousdesignmethods,rigorousstrategyofeducationaldesignandworkableeducationalmeasuresaretheindispensiblefactorsformakinganidealhomemadetoy.Basingontheneedsofchildren’sdevelopmentandeducation,thehomemadetoysandteachingaidsdesignshouldgivefullplaytoeducationalfeaturesandmakefulluseoftheeducationalfactorstoundertakeeducationalactivities,promotingchildren’sdevelopmenttoabetterextent.Keywords:Toysandteachingaids;Homemade;Design;Explore4幼儿教育是基础教育的有机组成部分，幼儿教育的现状直接影响到未来中小学教育的人材资源素质，幼儿教育受到全社会高度重视和关注。玩具是幼儿生活的重要组成部分，而且幼儿园的玩教具也成为了幼儿教育中重要的学习资源，也对幼儿的身心发展和认知发展具有重要的作用。市场上的玩具并不完善，种类缺乏，不足以满足幼儿的生活和学习需求。但是自制玩教具就弥补了这个缺点。幼儿对玩教具材料的操纵活动，是幼儿感知和发现问题的途径，可以丰富幼儿的感性经验，能形成多种操纵性学习方式，能开展创造性学习活动，同时也是幼儿创新意识、实践能力的培养途径。玩教具的制作和使用过程是幼儿交往、合作性学习的物质条件，有助于实现学会学习、学会生活、学会合作、终身发展的培养目标。自制玩教具的开发和利用也是贯彻落实《幼儿园教育指导纲要(试行)》精神的主要途径和基本手段。幼儿园中为了弥补玩教具配备不齐全，自行开发和利用自制玩教具有助于幼儿教育事业的发展，有助于幼儿教育改革的整体推进。一、自制玩教具的内涵幼儿园自制玩教具，是一种教学或辅助教学的用品，它是成人（教师）根据教育需要和幼儿发展需求，对各种自然资源和材料，进行收集、分类、加工、改造、组合，重新进行玩具教育因素设计后的产物。是一种创造性的活动，由于材料的形状、用途的不固定和玩教具玩法的不受限制。这样启发性较大，联想的范围较大，探索余地较宽，容易引起幼儿的好奇心和探索行为。综合其优势和特点，说明自制玩教具在教具中占有很重要的地位。从改革教学方法的角度看，它会比一般的教具更具有教育的针对性，更能体现幼儿的发展需要。这样的特点既发挥了师幼的主动性、创作性，又提高了幼儿活动的兴趣，便于幼儿的身心发展。自制玩教具还可以集中运用当地的教育资源，因地制宜，因陋就简，反映出当地的民俗特色、社会文化。这对幼儿园开展园本课程和特色校园的文化建设起到了重要的作用。二、自制玩教具的作用（一）从幼儿的角度看第一，幼儿身心发展的特点决定了他们不能通过长时间静坐听讲，以观看成人演示的方式来学习。但幼儿在操作自制玩教具时会发现很多的问题，这就激发了幼儿探索的兴趣,，幼儿会发现问题并解决问题。因此在此类活动中可以培养幼儿的发散性思维，而且解决问题的能力也会得到提高。这也是开发智力的一种方式。5第二，幼儿在使用玩教具的过程中，遇到困难需要解决时，要通过不同的实验反复解决问题，这个决定问题的过程就锻炼了幼儿小制作活动的基本能力。动手操作易于小肌肉的灵活发展。在反复操作中，也可以培养幼儿的良好个性，而且可以增加求知欲和增强自信心。对幼儿的身心发展都有较好的发展和重要的作用。第三，教师在指导幼儿自制玩教具的过程中，引导幼儿收集资料，可以使幼儿辨认、分类、准备和了解废旧材料的回收使用价值。从而培养幼儿从小养成低碳节俭的生活意识。第四，自制玩教具的过程可以培养幼儿的合作能力。现在的独生子女很难有与他人合作的机会，就逐渐形成了以自我为中心、任性等性格特点。而幼儿制作玩教具是在教师和家长的配合下完成的，教师或家长便成为了幼儿的合作伙伴。这样幼儿通过交流合作，就会学着谦让、谅解、友善和团结互助。这样可以帮助幼儿在其他活动中更好的与伙伴交往与合作。（二）从教师的角度看1.提高教师的专业水平。自制玩教具可以锻炼和培养幼儿各方面的能力。教师在让幼儿制作玩教具前要做多种准备活动，这样就要求教师应了解各种玩具和研究玩具等，课下不断的充实自己，更新自己的知识体系，然后根据自己所带班级幼儿的发展水平制作出适合的玩教具，这个制作的过程就是教师提高自我专业水平的过程。2.增进师生之间的感情。自制玩教具是教师了解当前幼儿各方面的发展状况的过程。在制作玩教具的过程中，通过教师传授制作方法、经验和共同制作，成为幼儿的指导者和合作伙伴，这也便于今后生活中更好的与幼儿沟通，也让幼儿更