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简单句及其高考考点定义:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。根据句子结构,简单句可分为五种基本句型:1.主谓(vi.)结构2.主系表结构3.主谓宾结构4.主谓+双宾5主谓+宾语+宾补1.主谓(vi.)结构1).她昨天回家很晚。Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.2).在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.2.主系表结构1)布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs.Brownlooksveryhealthy.系动词分类:1)表示人或事物的特征和状态:__________________________________________________等。2)表示状态的变化:__________________________________________________3)表示某种状态的延续或持续:_________________________________________________________appear,be,feel,look,seem,smell,sound,tastebecome,come,fall,go,get,grow,turn等。continue,keep,remain等。3.主谓宾结构1)昨晚我写了一封信。Iwrotealetterlastnight.2)我开窗户你在意吗?Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?4.主谓+双宾请递给我一本字典。Pleasepassmeadictionary.接双宾语的常用动词有:__________________________________________________________5主谓+宾语+宾补我们大家都认为他是诚实的。AllofusconsideredhimhonestThedoorwaspushedopen.门被推开了。我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。I’llget/havemyrecorderrepaired跟复合宾语的动词有:__________________________________________________________________show/hand/owe/tell/throw/lend/bring/teach/borrow/save/offer/makebeg/order/make/consider/cause/allow/find/feel/expect/encourage….根据句子的功能,简单句可分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。疑问句包括:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句A.反意疑问句:1.1)当have/has/had作“有”讲时,反意疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用助动词do的形式;否定句中,反问部分和前面句子保持一致.2)不当"有"讲时,反意疑问部分只能用助动词do,两种情况不可混淆.1)Youhaveanewcar,____________________?2)Hehasn’talotoftimetospare,______________?Hedoesn’thavetimetospare,________________?3)Youoftenhaveheadaches,______________?4)Hehastogotothemeeting,______________?haven’tyou/don’tyouhashedoeshedon’tyoudoesn’the2.当must作“必须”讲时,反意疑问部分用needn’t;当含有mustn’t时(不允许,禁止)时,反意疑问部分用must.当must作“推测”讲时,反意疑问部分的动词形式不用情态动词,根据不表猜测时动词的时态确定。其他表示推测的情态动词的反意疑问形式也是如此。1)Youmustgonow,_______________?2)Youmustn’twalkongrass,_____________?Youmusthaveknownhimforalongtime,__________YoumaybereadingEnglish,_______________?Hecan’thavefinishedtheworkyet,___________?Hecan’thavefinishedtheworklastnight,_______?Hecan’thavefinishedthetaskbytheendoflastweek,__________?needn’tyoumustyouhaven’tyou?aren’tyouhashedidhehadhe3usedto的反问部分可用usedn’t或didn’t反问;oughtto的反意疑问部分可用oughtn’t或shouldn’t;wouldrather用wouldn’t反问Theoldmanusedtosmokefiftycigarettesaday,___________________?Heoughttocome,___________________?4.陈述部分有seldom,hardly;scarcely;,rarely,never;few;little;nothing;nobody;not;noone;none;neither等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式.如果陈述部分否定意义的词是由加否定意义的前/后缀构成的词,疑问部分用否定形式.Heseldomgoestothecinema,___________?Hedislikestheidea,___________?usedn’t/didn’theoughtn’t/shouldn’thedoeshedoesn’the5.1)陈述部分的主语是不定代词something;everything,anything,nothing等时,反意疑问部分的主语用it.2)陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,反意疑问部分的主语用it或they.3)陈述部分的主语是everybody;somebody;anybody;nobody;everyone;someone;noone;等时,反意疑问部分的主语用he或they.Thisisyourbook,_________?Thesearenotyourbooks,_________?Everythinggoeswell,_______________?Everybodyagreeswithhim,___________________?6陈述部分的主语是不定式,动名词或其他短语时,反意疑问部分的主语通常用it.Tomakehimbelieveitisdifficult,__________?LearningEnglishwelltakesalongtime,_________?isn’titaretheydoesn’titdoesn’the\don’ttheyisn’titdoesn’tit7祈使句的反意疑问句一般用肯定式。Givemeahand,________?Letushavearest,_________?Let’sgoforawalk,___________?Youopenthedoor,__________?8Therebe句型的反意问句还用therebe的相应形式。Therewon’tbeanytrouble,________?Thereseemstobe/liemuchtroubleinsolvingtheproblem,____________?Thereusedtobeabridgeovertheriver,____________________________?willyouwillyoushallwewillyouwilltheredoesn’tthereusedn’tthere/didn’tthere9含有主语/宾语/定语/状语从句的主从复合句,以及强调句及类似结构后边的附加疑问句应与主句中的主、谓语保持一致。1)Whetherwe’llholdthemeetingdependsontheweather,____________?2)ItisnecessarythatwelearnEnglishwell,________________?3)Hesaidhewassorry,________?4)Ashopisaplacewhereyoucanbuyeverything,__________?5)Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llregret,______________?6)ItwasinthefactorythatwehadourLeaguemeeting,__________?doesn’titisn’titdidn’theisn’titwon’tyouwasn’tit10.“Ithink/suppose/expect/believe/imagine(Ibest)或I’msure+宾语从句"后边的附加疑问句应与从句中的主,谓语保持一致.此时,无论主句还是从句只要有一个是否定形式,附加疑问句就要用肯定形式.1)Isupposethatsheisnothonest,_________?2)I’msuretheOlympicGamestobeheldin2008inBeijingwillbeasuccess,__________?比较:Shedoesn’tthinkheisright,_________?isshewon’ttheydoesshe11.特殊I’mveryexcitedtoknowthatJackChenwillvisitZibo,_________?IwishalltheChinesecitizenstoremembertheevent,_________?12.So,Oh引起的句子,反问部分和前面一致Soyoudon’tbelievehim,__________?Soyouthoughtyouhadfooledme,________?aren’tImayIdon’tyoudidyouB.句子的全否定和部分否定:1.两者的全否定用neither/nor,部分否定用both+not.NeitherofthemknowsFrench.他们两人都不懂英语。Bothofthemdidn’tattendthemeeting.他们两人并非都参加了会议。2.三者以上的全否定用none/nothing/nobody/noone等;部分否定用all/every/many/each/always---+not.Noneoftheseanswersis/areright.所有的这些答案都不正确。Allthatglittersisnotgold.发光的不一定都是金子。C.祈使句:1)祈使句+and\oryou’ll---=条件句,you’ll---Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.类似的结构还有:名词(词组)+and\oryou’ll---=条件句,you’ll-①Onestepfurther,andI’llkillyou.=Ifyoustepfurther,I’llkillyou.②Onemoreweek,andwe’llaccomplishthetask.再过一个星期,我们就可以完成工作了。祈使句Englishhasalargevcabularyhasn’tit?Yes.____morewordsandexpressionsandyouwillfinditeasiertoreadandcommunicate.A.KnowB.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known_____straightonandyou’llsee
本文标题:my简单句讲解及考点
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