高三英语 语法专题-----定语从句ppt课件

语法专题-----定语从句考点聚焦1.定语从句引导词的确定.2.非限制性定语从句的判定.3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别.知识链接一.基本知识二.关系代词和关系副词的确定三.只用that不用which的情况四.只用which而不用that的几种场合五.只用who而不用that的几种场合六.Which和whose作定语的区别七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法基本知识定语从句:修饰其某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.先行词:被从句修饰的词叫先行词.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.一.基本知识关系词关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有when,where,why等.作用(1)引导定语从句:(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分.例句:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.在该句中,whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句.先行词“theman,who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语二.关系代词和关系副词的确定1.当先行词指人时,在定语从句中作主语用who/that,作宾语用whom/that,作定语用whose2.当先行词指物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which/that,作定语用whose.4.当先行词指地点时,在定语从句中作状语用where,作主语或宾语用which/that.3.当先行词指时间时,在定语从句中作状语用when,作主语或宾语用which/that.5.当先行词指原因时,在定语从句中作状语用why,作主语或宾语用which/that.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略;当第一个定语从句的关系代词作宾语省略时,第二个引导定语从句的用作宾语的关系代词则不可省略.eg:TheWestLake,whichHuangzhouisfamousfor,isabeautifulplace.Haveatry指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.()3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语Haveatry5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.8.Weshallneverthedayswhenwelivedtogether.(定语)(介宾)(宾语)(状语)典型赏析(tryyoubestplease)(1)That’sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter____he’sdoneforyou.(NMET2004)A.SomethingB.anythingC.allD.thatC(2)Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.(2004.湖北)A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhichA(3)Iworkinabusiness____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004湖北)A.howB.whichC.whereD.thatC(4)Anyway,thatevening,____I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.(2004浙江)A.whenB.whereC.whatD.whichD(省略that)inYouareexcellentstudentsComeon三.只用that不用which的情况1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。如：thefirsttextthatwearetolearnisverydifficult.2.当先行词是不定代词时。如all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,none,nothing,noone,some等。eg:I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.3.当先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,oneof,theonly,thevery.theright,thelast,few,just等修饰时。eg:There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.(1)Thisistheveryplace____I’mgoingtoliveinnextmonth.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inwhichC(2)Ihavefoundthesameboy___Imetwithlastmeek.A.asB.thatC.whenD.thanB9.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时.如:Thevillageisnolongerthepoorplacethatitusedtobe.8.当先行词前有such或thesame修饰,先行词和关系代词指同一物时.如:ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.5.当主句上以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时.如:Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow.6.在therebe或therelive结构中,用that引导且多省略.如:Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.7.当先行词是way,moment,time,reason,distance等时用that,且常省略.如:Idon’tknowthe(that)helookedatme.4.如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时。如：Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitals(that)youarethinkingabout.四.只用which而不用that的几种场合1.关系代词前有代词时候.如:Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyesr.2.引导非限制性定语从句时.如:Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied3.先行词后有插入语时.如:HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.4.当先行词本身that时.如:What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?1.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,____wastrue.(NMET2001)A.heB.thisC.whichD.who2.Wewerenext-doorneighboursforyears,during____timewemetonlytwice.A.whichB.thisC.whichD.whoCA五.只用who而不用that的几种场合1.先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,none等.如:Thosewhoareagainstputupyourhands.We’dbetternotbelieveinanyonewhowedon’tknow.2.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时.Theauntwhocametoseeuslastweekismyfather’ssister.3.当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时.如:ProfessorSmithiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish.Anyone____breaksthelawshouldbepunished.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whomA六.Which和whose作定语的区别两者皆可在定语从句中作定语,但which只用于非限制性定语从句中,仅指物,且要接一个对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词;whose+名词=the+名词+of+whom/which.试比较(1)MaryisstudyingChinese,whichknowledgeisveryimportantnow.(2)Weliveintheroom,whosewindowisbroken.(thewindowofwhichisbroken)七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面1.若先行词指代明确时,如专有名词和独一无二的人或事物.Hangzhou,whichwevisitedlastyear,isoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.2.若关系代词作复合介词的宾语时.如:Hehadhisrightlegbrokeninplayingfootball,becauseofwhichhecouldn’tattendschool.3.若关系代词作of的宾语,且of前有数词.代词或名词时.如:Thetree,thebranchesofwhicharealmostbare,isaveryoldone.4.当先行词指代主语的整个概念时.如:Sheisextremelypopularwithherstudents,whichiscommonknowledge.指点迷津:as与which引导的定语从句两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanasyou.GoonPlease!3.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。e.g.Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.Goonplease!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法1.“介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因、状语,相当于关系副词when,where,why.2.“介词（短语）+which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。3..“介词（短语）+which/whom+therebe…”在定语从句中表示存在的地点状语。4.“介词+which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。5.“不定代词或数词或名词+ofwhich/whom”在定语从句中作主语.6.“介词+which”修饰后面的名词作定语.7.“介词+which+不定式”相当