9吉林省西部土壤养分状况及盐碱化特征分析正文

学校代码：10200研究生学号：10200200721533分类号：Q14密级：无硕士学位论文吉林省西部土壤盐碱特征和养分状况分析SalinitycharacteristicsandnutrientstatusanalysisofsoilinthewesternJilinProvince作者：苑芷茜指导教师：李志坚副教授学科专业：生态学研究方向：资源生态学学位类型：学历硕士东北师范大学学位评定委员会2010年3月独创性声明本人郑重声明：所提交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。据我所知，除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本人的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。学位论文作者签名：日期：学位论文使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解东北师范大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：东北师范大学有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权东北师范大学可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编本学位论文。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书）学位论文作者签名：指导教师签名：日期：日期：学位论文作者毕业后去向：工作单位：电话：通讯地址：邮编：I摘要随着全球人口快速增长对自然资源的大量需求与自然资源因人类过度利用而导致短缺的矛盾日益激化，人们逐渐意识到对土壤等自然资源保护及合理利用的重要性[1，2]。作为世界上人口最多的发展中国家，如何合理的利用有限的土壤资源，以满足日益增长的粮食需求，成为了我国关注的热点问题之一。据联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）和粮农组织（FAO）不完全统计，全世界各种类型的盐碱土面积约为9.55×108hm2，约占地球陆地表面的10%[3]。我国盐碱土总面积约为9,913×104hm2，主要分布在东北、华北、西北内陆地区及长江以北沿海地带[4]，吉林省西部是我国土壤盐碱化最严重的地区之一。其土壤盐碱化面积已达1.53×106hm2,土地盐碱化近年来呈加速发展趋势，表现为面积扩大、程度加重。重度盐碱化占盐碱化总面积的比例已由1958年的26.9％增至1999年的43.7％，严重制约着吉林省西部农业持续发展及人民生活水平的提高[5，6]。可见，进行西部生态环境的整治，恢复盐碱地的植被，是吉林省西部面临的重要课题。盐碱土形成的原因是多元化的，不同地区土壤的组成和性质也不尽相同。要想合理利用并改善吉林省西部地区土壤，就要对吉林省西部地区土壤的组成和性质进行研究，因地制宜的提出合理的使用、管理及保护措施。而在土壤的组成和性质中，盐碱性和养分状况占有非常重要的位置。所以，本文研究分析了吉林省西部土壤的盐碱化特征和养分状况，以及它们间的相互关系，这对吉林省西部生态环境的整治，恢复盐碱地的植被具有非常重大的理论和指导意义。关键词：盐碱化；吉林省西部；盐碱化特征；养分状况IIIIIAbstractWiththeglobalpopulation,alargenumberoffast-growingdemandfornaturalresourcesandnaturalresourcescausedbyhumanover-exploitationofshortageisincreasinglyintensified,itbecameincreasinglyawareofthesoilandothernaturalresourcesprotectionandrationalutilizationoftheimportance[1,2].Astheworld'smostpopulousdevelopingcountry,thereasonableuseoflimitedsoilresourcestomeetthegrowingdemandforfoodhasbecomeahottopicofconcerntomycountry.AccordingtotheUNESCOandtheFAOstatistics,theworld'sdifferenttypesofsaline-alkalisoilareaofabout9.55×108hm2,theEarth'slandsurfaceabout10%[3].Saline-alkalisoilofChina'stotalareaofabout9,913×104hm2,mainlydistributedinnortheast,north,northwestinlandareasandtheYangtzeRivernorthofthecoastalzone[4],inwesternJilinProvinceisChina'smostserioussoilsalinizationintheworld.Itssoilsalinizationareahasreached1.53×106hm2,landsalinizationinrecentyears,acceleratingthedevelopmenttrendoftheperformanceoftheareaisexpanding,increasingthedegree.Severesalinizationsalinizationaccountedfortheproportionofthetotalareain1958from26.9%to43.7%in1999,seriouslyrestrictingthesustainabledevelopmentofagricultureinwesternJilinProvinceandthepeople'slivingstandards[5,6].CanbeseenthattheWesternefforttoimprovetheecologicalenvironmentandrestorevegetationsaline-alkalisoilisanimportantissuefacingthewestofJilinprovince.Saline-alkalisoilformationduetoawiderangeofdifferentsoilcompositionandnaturearealsodifferent.TotherationaluseofandimprovethesoilinthewesternregionofJilinProvince,JilinProvinceinthewesternregionisnecessaryforthecompositionandthenatureofthesoilstudy,accordingtolocalconditionsofreasonableuse,managementandprotectivemeasures.Thecompositionandnatureofthesoil,thesalinityandnutrientstatusoccupiedaveryimportantposition.Therefore,thispaperanalyzesthesoilsalinizationinthewesternJilinProvincecharacteristicsandnutrientstatus,andtheirinter-relationship,whichistherectificationoftheecologicalenvironmentinwesternJilinProvince,torestorethevegetationsaline-alkalisoilhasaveryimportanttheoreticalandguidingsignificance.Keywords:salinization;WestofJilinProvince;salinizationcharacteristics;nutrientstatusIVV目录摘要···························································································IAbstract··························································································III目录··························································································V1引言························································································11.1研究意义······················································································11.2土壤盐碱化国内外研究进展······························································21.3土壤盐碱化特征国内外研究进展························································31.4土壤养分状况国内外研究进展···························································42研究方法························································································62.1研究地区自然概况··········································································62.2土壤取样及盐碱指标的测定······························································62.2.1土壤取样及样品处理·······························································62.2.2土壤盐碱指标的测定·······························································62.3土壤养分状况的测定·······································································82.3.1全氮的测定—凯氏定氮仪·························································82.2.2有机质的测定—重铬酸钾容量法················································82.2.3速效氮的测定—半微量蒸馏法（Makham型半微量蒸馏定氮器）······92.2.4速效磷的测定—碳酸氢钠法····················································102.2.5速效钾的测定—醋酸铵—火焰光度计法·····································112.4数据分析与处理···········································································122.4.1主成分分析法··················