虚拟语气复习

虚拟语气复习GrammarSubjunctivemood条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V+ed(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法1.如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier,you_________________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I__________younow.3.如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？What______wedoifit____________tomorrow?hadgotwerewouldhelpshouldweretosnowwouldhavecaughtIfI_________(be)busynow,I_______________(go)toseethefilmwithyou.werenotwouldgoIfhe_________(drive)morecarefully,he____________________thecar(have)accidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddriven连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。★要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。___________________________,Ishouldhavefailed.Hadyounothelpedme★假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。__________________________youwoulddothesame.★假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。___________________________wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.Wereyouinmyposition,Shouldtheyattackus,注意：(1)混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。★如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestifhe___________myadvice.★假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,I___________whattodonow.★假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,I___________________theglass.hadfollowedwouldknowcouldn’thavebroken(2)含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,butfor(要不是),or,otherwise,but等词隐含某种假设。①Withoutwater,wewoulddie.=Iftherewerenowater,wewoulddie.②句子(事实)+otherwise/or+句子(虚拟语气)Hedidn'tcomeyesterday.Otherwise,Iwouldhaveseenhim.③句子(虚拟语气)+but+句子(事实)Shecouldhavearrivedontime,buthercarbrokedownhalfway.在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.★要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp…=Withoutyourhelp…没有你的帮助，我们当时就不会实验成功。Withoutyourhelp,we___________________(success)intheexperimentatthattime.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。Butfortherain,we_____________________(finish)thework.couldn’thavesucceededwouldhavefinished二、虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时(were)过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.IwishI_____(be)astallasYaoMing.wereThepartywasterrible,IwishI______________(nevergo)toit.hadnevergoneIwishit__________(rain)tomorrow.wouldrain2.wouldratherthat现在:过去:未来:★Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.★IwouldratherIhadn’tcomeyesterday.★Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时3.asif/though+从句现在：过去：过去时过去完成时★Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.★他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasifthey__________(be)friendsforyears.★他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifhe_____(be)drunk.但如果表达是事实，不用虚拟语气。Thedarkcloudsgathernowasifitisgoingtorain.hadbeenwere我们该去睡觉了。4.It’s(about/high)time+that过去时(were)should(不省)+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1)insist2)order,command3)demand,require,request4)advise,suggest,propose,recommendIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:(1)当suggest为“建议”，从句用虚拟语气。但为“暗示，表明”，则用陈述语气。(2)当insist为“坚持要，坚持要求”，从句用虚拟语气，但为“坚持说，坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气。1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalatonce.obeywasbesent3)Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe____(be)ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形。It'sdemandedthateveryoneshouldbehere.Hisorderisthatweshouldsetoffat2o'clock.Hegaveusarequestthatweshouldleavesoon.6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形★我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.★很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.★我们有必要努力学习。It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.7.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中，“要是……就好了”(同wish用法)IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!Ifonlytherainwouldstop！=HowIwishtherainwouldstop！要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_________(drive)inturn,you________________(notget)sotired.2.______it__________(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.haddrivenwouldn’thavegotHadnotbeenFillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebracketsintheirproperforms.3.Ifhe______(be)myteacher,I________(be)happy.werewouldbe5.Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavedifelectroniccomputer_________________(invent)before.6.—Welldone,Jack!—Thanks.Butgivenmoretime,I___________________________(do)itbetter.hadbeeninventedcould/would/mighthavedone4._____________it___________(rain)tomorrow,thematchwouldbecalledoff.Were/Shouldtorain/rain