学术毕业论文(碳纳米管)

本科生毕业论文（设计）论文题目：Friedel-Crafts酰化反应修饰碳纳米管的研究姓名与学号ShenTianTian指导教师PengPeng副教授年级与专业2005级高分子材料与工程所在学院高分子材料与工程学院2009年6月ZhejiangUniversityDissertationforBachelorDegreeFunctionalizationofmultiwalledcarbonnanotubesusingFriedel-CraftsacylationTiantianShenAdvisor:AssociateProfessorPengPengMajor:PolymerMaterialsandEngineeringDepartmentofPolymerScienceandEngineeringZhejiangUniversityJune,2009目录摘要...........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.................................................................................................................II第一章绪论..........................................................................................................-1-1引言.............................................................................................................-1-2.CNTs的缺陷.............................................................................................-2-3传统化学修饰法简介.................................................................................-3-3.1-CO-OH的衍生反应..............................................................................-4-3.2直接加成反应..........................................................................................-6-4Friedel-Crafts酰化修饰法.........................................................................-8-5研究现状及前景.......................................................................................-10-5.1研究现状..............................................................................................-10-5.2应用前景..............................................................................................-13-第二章多壁碳纳米管的官能化与其表征..........................................................-14-1.实验部分...............................................................................................-14-2结果与讨论.............................................................................................-16-2.1热性能................................................................................................-16-2.2红外光谱分析....................................................................................-19-2.3溶解性................................................................................................-21-3本章小结...................................................................................................-22-第三章官能化多壁碳纳米管的应用..................................................................-23-1.实验部分....................................................................................................-23-2.结果与讨论................................................................................................-24-2.1带氨基的CNT接上环氧树脂..........................................................-24-2.2-OH化CNT与PMMA复合材料的电阻率....................................-26-3.本章小结....................................................................................................-27-第四章全文总结...............................................................................................-28-致谢................................................................................................................-29-参考文献................................................................................................................-30-摘要I摘要碳纳米管(CNTs)因其优异的力学性能和电性能，可用于增强高分子材料，并有较好的导电性能。然而碳纳米管表面缺陷少，又有较大的比表面积和长径比，极易发生团聚，致使碳纳米管难以很好地分散，降低了其增强效果。通过对碳纳米管进行有效的表面修饰，可以改善其分散性能。本实验中，我们依据Friedel-Crafts反应原理对碳纳米管进行化学修饰。我们使用的催化体系为PPA/P2O5体系，该体系的最大特色是酸性温和但足以催化反应，并且不像常用的无机强酸，不会或很少地破坏碳纳米管框架结构。另外，PPA/P2O5体系的适中酸性本质还可帮助抑制CNTs的集束以达到均匀分散，且其粘性特征可阻止分散后的再聚集，并可以得到较高的接枝率。我们主要对不同温度以及不同原料配比时反应产物的接枝率进行比较，从而得到最优化的反应条件，然后用接枝率较高的碳纳米管与环氧树脂复合，改善力学性能。我们用热重分析，元素分析，红外光谱，扫描及透射电镜去研究碳纳米管的接枝情况。碳纳米管与环氧树脂复合后，用四探针测试仪测试复合材料的导电性。该法提出了碳纳米管修饰的新途径，是一种较方便的，在得到较高接枝率的同时较少破坏碳纳米管结构，用以加强聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料力学性能的方法。关键词：碳纳米管表面修饰Friedel-Crafts酰化PPA/P2O5ABSTRACTIIABSTRACTBecauseofitsexcellentmechanicalpropertiesandelectricalperformance，Carbonnanotube(CNTs)canbeusedtoreinforcepolymericmaterials,aswellasenhanceconductiveproperties.However,thestrongaggregationtendencyofCNTsgeneratedfromitsfewsurfacedefects,largesurfaceareaandhighaspectratiomakeithardtogetagooddispersion,sothatlargelyreducetheeffectofreinforcementandconductivity.WecanovercomethisproblemthroughtheproperlysurfacemodificationofCNTs.Inourexperiment,wechemicallytreatedtheCNTsbasedontheprincipleofFriedel-Craftsacylationreaction.WeusedthePPA/P2O5catalyticsystem,andthemostsignificantfeatureofthesystemismodestbutsufficientacidtocatalyzereaction.Andunlikeinorganicacid,withthissystem,littleornodestructionoftheframeworkofthestructureofcarbonnanotubeswouldbeinducedwhilehighgraftratecanbeachieved.WemainlycomparedthegraftrateofCNTs,withdifferentreactiontemperaturesanddifferentratioofrawmaterials,inordertofindoutthebestreactioncondition.TGA,FT-IR,andsolubilitywereusedtoanalyzethesurfacepropertiesofF-MWCNTs.Then,F-MWCNTswereusedasreinforcementforcomposie,suchasEpoxy/NH2-CNTs,PMMA/-OH-CNTs,andconductivityofcompositematerialsweretestwith4-probetester.Keywords：Fr