论文-(设计)定稿

周口师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）Ⅰ目录摘要.................................................................................................................................1引言.................................................................................................................................11总体操作方案..............................................................................................................21.1操作压力..................................................................................................................21.2进料状况..................................................................................................................31.3加热方式..................................................................................................................31.4回流比的确定..........................................................................................................32设计过程.......................................................................................................................42.1设计任务与设计图..................................................................................................42.2塔的工艺计算..........................................................................................................42.2.1全塔物料衡算..................................................................................................42.2.2原料液、馏出液、釜残夜的摩尔流率...........................................................52.2.3物系相平衡数据..............................................................................................52.2.4确定适宜回流比...............................................................................................72.2.5理论板数和实际板数的确定..........................................................................72.3塔的运行参数的确定..............................................................................................92.3.1操作压力..........................................................................................................92.3.2操作温度..........................................................................................................92.3.3液体表面张力................................................................................................102.3.4液体黏度.........................................................................................................102.4塔径与塔高的计算................................................................................................112.4.1塔径的计算......................................................................................................112.4.2塔高的计算......................................................................................................123板面布置及主要尺寸..............................................................................................12周口师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）Ⅱ3.1板面布置...............................................................................................................123.2浮阀的排列............................................................................................................134结论..........................................................................................................................13参考文献..........................................................................................................................13设计总结与致谢............................................................................................................15周口师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）1分离甲醇与水二元物系浮阀板精馏塔的设计摘要：甲醇是结构最为简单的饱和一元醇，也是重要的工业原料，广泛应用在生产、生活等领域。本论文的主要任务是确定精馏塔的主要尺寸及附属的再沸器、冷凝器的尺寸设计，完成对甲醇-水精馏工艺流程和主要设备的选型和设计，根据设计任务，确定操作条件。设计的任务是分离甲醇与水二元物系，处理量为4000千克每小时，进料甲醇的质量分数为0.273，塔顶产品甲醇含量0.965，塔底甲醇含量0.006。根据分离要求，设计塔设备的尺寸，即需要27块塔板，塔径1.83m，塔高6.5m。关键词：甲醇与水；精馏塔；浮阀式；工艺计算TheDesignofFloatingValveTowerSeparationofMethanolAndWaterSystemAbstract:Methanolisamonohydricalcoholsanditpossessthemostsimplestructure,italsoanimportantindustrialrawmaterial,anditwidelyusedinproduction,lifeandotherfields.Determinethemainsize,processdesign,selectionofequipmentsuchasreboilerandcondenser.Ultimately,weshouldaccomplishthedesignandequipmentselectionofmethanolandwaterprocess.Accordingtothedesigntasktodeterminetheoperatingconditions.Thetaskofthisdesignisseparatemethanolandwater,ourprocessingcapacityis4000kgperhour,andthemethanolmassfractioninthefeedsolutionis0.273,aftertheseparation,werequireinthedistillatefractionofmethanolis0.965,theresidueinthenightis0.006.Accordingtotheaboverequirements,aftercalculation,wecangetthesizeofthetower,thatisweneed27towerplates,thediameterofthecolumnis1.83,andthetowerheightis6.5m.KeyWords:Methanol–water;Distillationcolumn;Floatvalvetype;Processcalculation引言周口师范学院本科毕业论文（设计）2本次设计针对的是甲醇与苯二元物系，其中，甲醇在工业，医药，民用等方面都有很广泛的应用。同时对甲醇有不同的浓度要求，有时浓度要求高，甚至是无水甲醇，但因甲醇的挥发性很大，所以获得高浓度的甲醇很是困难[1]。因此，要想获得高浓度的甲醇溶液，需要把低浓度的甲醇溶液经连续精馏浓缩到高浓度。又因为甲醇和水的挥发度相差不大，精馏的多次分离过程，也就是同时进行多次部分汽化部分冷凝的过程，这样就能得到较高浓度的分离。在实际的化工厂中的精馏操作是在一系列直立的圆柱形精馏塔内进行的，塔内的组成是若干的塔板辅以一定高度的填料。整个精馏过程的实现，除了主体设备精馏塔外，还必须有设备使塔底有上升的蒸汽并使塔顶有下降的液体，这样就需要塔底再沸器和塔顶冷凝器，有时还要配原料液预热器，回流液泵等附属设备，才能实现整个操作。塔设备主要分为连续接触式和间接接触式，前者的代表是填料塔，而后者的代表是板式塔，其中板式塔又分为筛板塔、泡罩塔和浮阀塔[2]。其中浮阀塔的