澳大利亚水敏感城市设计及启示_王思思

王思思1,2,　张丹明3(1.北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871;2.北京建筑工程学院城市雨水系统与水环境省部共建教育部重点实验室,北京100044;3.北京土人景观与建筑规划设计研究院,北京100080)　　　:　介绍了澳大利亚水敏感城市设计(WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign)的概念内涵、基本原则与目标,总结了澳大利亚水敏感城市设计的方案决策程序,最佳规划实践(BPPs)、最佳管理实践(BMPs)的主要内容及相关技术导则,最后提出了对我国城市雨洪控制利用和景观设计的启示。　　:　水敏感城市设计;　雨洪管理;　景观设计;　澳大利亚:TU991　　:C　　:1000-4602(2010)20-0064-05WaterSensitiveUrbanDesigninAustraliaandItsEnlightenmentWANGSi-si1,2,　ZHANGDan-ming3(1.CollegeofUrbanandEnvironmentalSciences,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,China;2.KeyLaboratoryofUrbanStormwaterSystemandWaterEnvironment,BeijingUniversityofCivilEngineeringandArchitecture,Beijing100044,China;3.BeijingTurenLandscapeandArchitecturePlanningandDesignInstitute,Beijing100080,China)　　Abstract:　Theconcept,principlesandobjectivesofwatersensitiveurbandesign(WSUD)inAustraliaareintroduced.Theschemes,bestplanningpractices(BPPs),bestmanagementpractices(BMPs)andtechniqueguidelinesofWSUDinAustraliaaresummarized.Finally,theenlightenmentforurbanstormwatermanagementandlandscapedesigninChinaispresented.　　Keywords:　watersensitiveurbandesign(WSUD);　stormwatermanagement;　landscapede-sign;　Australia　　2080,,、、、。,1993,、。,,。,,,。(WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign,WSUD),。、、、,(LowImpactDevelop-ment)、(GreenInfrastructure)、(MultiobjectiveFloodplainManagement),(SUDS),(LIUDD)[1],、·64·第26卷　第20期2010年10月　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水CHINAWATERWASTEWATER　　　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.26No.20Oct.2010,[2]。1　WSUD的概念和基本原则1.1　WSUD2080。MouritzWSUD[3],“”。WSUD、、,。LloydWSUD[4]。:“WSUD,。,。WSUD,”。,:(WSUD)、。(、),。(structural)(non-structural),(BPPs)(BMPs),。1.2　WSUD,5:①　。。②　。,。③　。。④　。。⑤　。。1.3　WSUDWSUD(1),[5]:①、、;②,;③、、,、,;④、;⑤、;⑥。1　WSUDFig.1　ComprisonoftraditionalmodeandWSUDmode2　WSUD的方案决策,。,WSUD、,(、、、、)(、)。·65·王思思,等:澳大利亚水敏感城市设计及启示第26卷　第20期,,、。,()、,。、。,。,、、、、。,。,、,。MUSIC,,。、,[6]。,、、[7](2)。2　WSUDFig.2　FlowchartofWSUDplan3　WSUD的管理措施和技术导则3.1　(BestPlanningPractices)WSUD,,。,、、()。,,。,。,BMP,。3.2　(BestManagementPractices),(BestManagementPractice,BMP)。BMPBMP(structuralBMP)BMP(non-struc-turalBMP)。BMP(1)。BMP、[8](2)。1　Tab.1　TypeandapplicabilityofBMP√/()√,√()√√√√√√,,√√√√√√√√√√√√()√√√,√√√√/√()√√·66·第26卷　第20期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水　　　　　　　　　　　　　Tab.2　Exampleofnon-engineeringBMP、,。,。。。,、。。　　,5:①　。、。②　。。③　。BMP。MUSIC。④　。BMP,、。⑤　。。3.3　WSUD、、,WSUD,。WSUD,。,。,,。,,。[7]:①　WSUD,。,,。②　,。,《WSUD》,WSUD。③　()。4　对我国城市雨洪管理和景观设计的启示4.1　WSUD,,,,,。、、、。,、,、、、,。4.2　。,、、,,。,,,;,,。,、、,·67·王思思,等:澳大利亚水敏感城市设计及启示第26卷　第20期。4.3　WSUD,。,,,,,。,、、。、。,、、,。致谢:感谢李迪华、车伍教授对本文的指导和大力帮助!:[1]　DeboTN,ReeseA.MunicipalStormwaterManagement[M].USA:CRCPress,2002.[2]　,,,.[J].,2009,25(20):12-17.[3]　MouritzM.WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign-Wheretonow?[DB/OL].[4]　LloydSD.WaterSensitiveDesignIntheAustralianCon-text:AsynthesisofaConferenceHeld30-31August2000MelbourneAustralia,CooperativeResearchCentreforCatchmentManagementTechnicalReport01/7[DB/OL].[5]　FoleyBA,DaniellTM.TheroleofWSUDinimprovingthesustainabilityofurbandevelopments[A].Proceed-ingsofthe2004InternationalConferenceonWaterSensi-tiveUrbanDesign[C].Australia:Citiesascatchments:Adelaide,2004.[6]　FletcherTD,DeleticAB,HattBE.AReviewofStorm-waterSensitiveUrbanDesigninAustralia[DB/OL].ht-tp://[7]　LloydSD,WongTHF,ChesterfieldCJ.WaterSensitiveUrbanDesign-aStormwaterManagementPerspective[DB/OL].[8]　.[J].,2009,(10):79-84.:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]:2010-05-28(上接第63页)[3]　.(1)[M].:,2004.[4]　,.[J].,2005,21(5):101-103.[5]　.[D].:,2008.[6]　HeipL,VanAsselJ,SwartenbroekxP.Sewerflowquali-tymodeling[J].WaterSciTechnol,1997,36(5):177-184.[7]　WeiG,BrombachH,HallerB.Infiltrationandinflowincombinedsewersystems:long-termanalysis[J].WaterSciTechnol,2002,45(7):11-19.[8]　KrachtO,GujerW.Quantificationofinfiltrationintosewersbasedontimeseriesofpollutantloads[A].4thInternationalConferenceonSewerProcessesandNet-works[C].Madeira,PORTUGAL:IWAPublishing,2005.[9]　AlmeidaMC,BritoRS.Systemdiagnosticsusingflowdata:Quantifyingsourcesandopportunitiesforperform-anceimprovement[A].ProceedingsoftheNinthInter-nationalConferenceonUrbanDrainage[C].US:Ameri-canSocietyofCivilEngineers,2002.[10]　,,,.[J].,2008,24(14):95-98.E-mail:[e-mail]::2010-04-06·68·第26卷　第20期　　　　　　　　　　　　　　中国给水排水