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11第一章定量分析的误差和数据处理1-2下列情况,将造成哪类误差?如何改进?(1)天平两臂不等长,属于系统误差。可对天平进行校正或者更换天平。(2)测定天然水硬度时,所用蒸馏水中含Ca2+。属于系统误差。可更换蒸馏水,或作空白试验,扣除蒸馏水中Ca2+对测定的影响。1-3填空(1)若只作两次平行测定,则精密度应用相对相差表示。(2)对照试验的目的是检验测定中有无系统误差,空白试验的目的是判断测定中的系统误差是否因试剂、蒸馏水不纯等所致。(3)F检验的目的是检验两组测定结果的精密度有无显著性差异。(4)为检验测定结果与标准值间是否存在显著性差异,应用t检验。(5)对一样品做六次平行测定,已知d1~d6分别为0、+0.0003、-0.0002、-0.0001、+0.0002,则d6为-0.0002。(提示:一组平行测定,各单次测定结果偏差的代数和为0)1-4解:%3.0mL50.6mL02.01rE%08.0mL65.25mL02.02rE上述计算说明为减小滴定管的体积误差,应适当增大取液的体积。1-5解:纯FeSO4·7H2O试剂中w(Fe)的理论值是:%09.20molg0.278mol55.85gO)H7FeSO(Fe)(Fe)(1--124MMw%06.20%405.2004.2003.2010.20xdi分别为:0.04%,-0.03%,-0.02%,-0.01%%03.0%401.002.003.004.0d平均偏差%2.0%06.20%03.0xddr%03.0%09.20%06.20TxEa%2.0%06.20%03.0xEaEr%03.01401.002.003.004.02222S22%2.0%06.20%03.0xS变异系数6解:1-7解:用Q值检验法:12.47应保留用4d检验法:12.47%应保留1-8解:解法1S=0.03%%90.242%93.24%87.24x%60.0%05.25%05.25%90.24相对误差%2.0%90.24%87.24%93.24相对相差73.04.033.1247.1242.1247.12表计QQ%37.12%442.1238.1234.1233.12x%03.0%405.001.003.004.0d%12.04ddxxi4%10.0%37.12%47.12%62.21x33有系统误差解法2因为21.42%不在平均值置信区间内有系统误差1-9解:S1=0.6%S2=0.9%S1和S2间无显著性差异两组数据平均值有显著性差异,有系统误差,即温度对测定结果有影响。1-10解:30.12%为可疑值解法1:Q检验法:30.12%应舍18.33.134%03.0%42.21%62.21表计tnsxt)%05.062.21(403.018.362.21ntsx%4.961x%9.932x12.9F26.09.0F2222计小大计SS37.2t654546.09.934.96t表计76.077.012.3060.3049.3012.30表计44解法2:4d检验法:30.12%应舍1-11解:(1)用返滴定法测定某组分含量,测定结果按下式计算:122.05000.0mol106.0g0.01921L)-L02500.0(L0.1023molA)(-1-1gw计算结果应以三位有效数字报出。(2)已知pH=4.75,c(H+)=1.810-5(pH=4.75为两位有效数字)(3)已知c(H+)=2.2010-3molL-1,pH=2.658《定量分析简明教程》第二章习题答案2-2(6)答:分析纯NaCl试剂若不作任何处理就用以标定AgNO3溶液的浓度,结果会偏高,原因是NaCl易吸湿,使用前应在500~600C条件下干燥。如不作上述处理,则NaCl因吸湿,称取的NaCl含有水分,标定时消耗AgNO3体积偏小,标定结果则偏高。H2C2O42H2O长期保存于干燥器中,标定NaOH浓度时,标定结果会偏低。因H2C2O42H2O试剂较稳定,一般温度下不会风化,只需室温下干燥即可。若将H2C2O42H2O长期保存于干燥器中,则会失去结晶水,标定时消耗NaOH体积偏大,标定结果则偏低。%16.0%42.0%54.30%12.30%16.04%04.03%05.0%02.0%06.0%54.303%49.30%52.30%60.30xxddxi%06.0%1305.002.006.0%54.30222sx06.0,3%,54.30snx)%10.054.30(306.092.254.30ntsx552-3(1)H2C2O42H2O和KHC2O4H2C2O42H2O两种物质分别和NaOH作用时,-△n(H2C2O42H2O):-△n(NaOH)=1:2;-△n(NaOH):-△n(KHC2O4H2C2O42H2O)=3:1。(2)测定明矾中的钾时,先将钾沉淀为KB(C6H5)4,滤出的沉淀溶解于标准EDTA—Hg()溶液中,在以已知浓度的Zn2+标准溶液滴定释放出来的EDTA:KB(C6H5)4+4HgY2-+3H2O+5H+=4Hg(C6H5)++4H2Y2-+H3BO3+K+H2Y2-+Zn2+=ZnY2-+2H+K+与Zn2+的物质的量之比为1:4。2-4解:m(NaOH)=c(NaOH)v(NaOH)M(NaOH)=0.1mol·L-10.500L40g·mol-1=2g1-1-142424242Lmol8.17molg9895%L1840)SO(H)SOH()SOH)SOH(gMwc(浓c(H2SO4稀)vSO4稀)=c(H2SO4浓)V(H2SO4浓)0.2molL-10.500L=17.8molL-1V(H2SO4浓)V(H2SO4浓)=5.6mL2-5解:2HCl+Na2CO3=2NaCl+H2O+CO2-△n(Na2CO3)=-(1/2)△n(HCl)2-6解:1-1-24222222422422Lmol05229.0L2500.0mol126.1gg6484.1O)H2OCH(O)H2C(HO)H2OC(H)OCH(VMmc2-7解:(反应式略)-△n(NaOH)=-△n(KHC8H4O4)m(KHC8H4O4)=c(NaOH)v(NaOH)M(KHC8H4O4)=0.1molL-10.020L204.2gmol-1=0.4g-△n(H2C2O42H2O)=-(1/2)△n(NaOH)m(H2C2O42H2O)=(1/2)0.1molL-10.020L126gmol-1=0.13gSsmMVcwmVTwVmT)CONa((HCl)HCl)(21)CONa(%30.58g2500.0mL00.25mLg005830.0HCl)(HCl)/CONa()CONa(mLg005830.0mL1mol106.0gL001.0Lmol1100.021HCl)()CONa(HCl)/CONa(32321-32321-1-13232或:66%2.0%15.013.00002.0ggTERE2-8解:滴定反应:Na2B4O710H2O+2HCl=4H3BO3+2NaCl+5H2O-△n(Na2B4O710H2O)=-(1/2)△n(HCl)-△n(B)=-2△n(HCl)SSmMVcwwMMwwMMwmMVcwB)((HCl)(HCl)2B)(%81.10%36.95mol381.4gmol10.81g4O)10HOBNa(O)H10OB(Na(B)4B)(%30.50%36.95molg4.381mol201.2gO)H10OB(NaO)H10OBNa()OBNa()OB(Na%36.959536.0g000.1mol381.4gL02500.0Lmol2000.021O)H10OBNa((HCl)(HCl)21O)H10OBNa(1-1-274227421-1-272227227427421-127422742或:2-9解:CO32-+2H+=CO2+H2O-△n(CO32-)=-(1/2)△n(HCl)-△n(BaCO3)+{-△n(Na2CO3)}=-(1/2)△n(HCl)(HCl)(HCl)21)CO(Na)]BaCO(1[)BaCO()BaCO(32333VcMwmMwmSSL03000.0Lmol100.021mol106)]BaCO(1[200.0mol197g)(BaCOg200.01-131-3gwgw解w(BaCO3)=44.4%w(Na2CO3)=55.6%2-10解:Al3++H2Y2-=AlY-+2H+77-△n(Al3+)=-△n(EDTA)-△n(Al2O3)=-(1/2)△n(EDTA)Zn2++H2Y2-=ZnY2-+2H+-△n(Zn2+)=-△n(EDTA)%9.24g2000.0molg0.102)L00550.0Lmol05005.0L02500.0Lmol05010.0(21)OAl()]Zn()Zn()EDTA(EDTA)([21)OAl(1113232SmMVcVcw2-11解:ClO3-+6Fe2++6H+=Cl-+6Fe3++3H2O-△n(ClO3-)=-(1/6)△n(Fe2+)-△n[Ca(ClO3)2]=-(1/12)△n(Fe2+)Cr2O72-+6Fe2++14H+=2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2On(Fe2+)=6n(Cr2O72-)%08.12g2000.0molg0.207)L01000.0Lmol02000.06L02600.0Lmol1000.0(121])Ca(ClO[11123w2-12解:Ca2++C2O42-=CaC2O4CaC2O4+2H+=H2C2O4+Ca2+5H2C2O4+2MnO4-+6H+=2Mn2++10CO2+8H2O-△n(CaO)=-△n(Ca)=-(5/2)△n(MnO4-)g2.0%40molg08.56mL030.0Lmol02.025CaO)()CaO()KMnO()KMnO(251144wMVcmS《定量分析简明教程》第三章习题答案3-1EDTA在水溶液中是六元弱酸(H6Y2+),其pKa1~pKa6分别为0.9、1.6、2.07、2.75、6.24、10.34、则Y4-的pKb3为:pKb3=pKw-pKa4=14-2.75=11.253-2解:99.0108.110108.1/)H()Ac(575-aaKccKxx(HAc)=1-0.99=0.01c(Ac-)=0.990.1mol·L-1=0.099mol·L-1c(HAc)=0.010.1mol·L-1=0.001mol·L-1883-3(1)H3PO4的PBE:c(H+)=c(H2PO4-)+2c([HPO42-]+3c([PO43-]+c(OH-)(2)Na2HPO4的PBE:c(H+)+c(H2PO4-)+2c([H3PO4]=c([PO43-]+c(OH-)(3)Na2S的PBE:c(OH-)=c(HS-)+2c(H2S)+c(H+)(4)NH4H2PO4的PBE:c(H+)=c(NH3)+2c(PO43-)+c(HPO42-)+c(OH-)-c(H3PO4)(5)Na2C2O4的PBE:c(OH-)=c(HC2O4-)+2c(H2C2
本文标题:定量分析简明教程答案
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