初高中衔接之音标复习

InternationalPhoneticSymbols国际音标[ai][ei][ɔi][iə][ɛə][uə][au][əu][i:][i][u:][u][ɔ:][ɔ][ə:][ə][ɑ:][ʌ][æ][e][l][r][h][w][j][m][n][ŋ][dz][ts][ʤ][ʧ][tr][dr][b][p][d][t][g][k][v][f][z][s][ʒ][ʃ][ð][θ]20元音32320辅音国际音标教学法图示/i:/Throughthreecheesetreesthreefreefleasflew.三棵奶酪书中有三只自由的跳蚤在飞。Pleaseeatsweetpeasateasebeforeyousleep.睡前请随便吃点甜点。/i/LittleLilyandlittleNellyaregoingtovisitMrs.Honey.小莉莉和小南里将去拜访哈尼夫人。Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.吃一堑，长一智。字母及组合/i:/eheshewesecretchineseimmediateeaeatteammeatrealleaveleadereemeetseethreetreebeeneediegriefpieceeopeopleeykey字母及组合/i/iitpigbigbitYbusylilylovelyebeginprettyexcuseeecoffeeeymonkeymoneyaySundayMonday/æ/Harryhasajamfactory.哈里有一个果酱制造厂。Thecashdeskisinthewestoftheshoppingcenter.付款台位于购物中心的西边。/e/字母及组合/e/ewetnextpressbellwellfresheaweatherreadydeadiefriend/æ/abagapplecatchhappenImixedbutterandsugarandwatertogether.我把黄油，糖和水和在一起了。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚。/ə://ə/字母组合[ə:]earlearnearthearlyerpreferGermanwereherirbirddirtysirfirsturfurchurchhurtorworkworldword字母组合[ə]aabroadaboutattackagainotogetherseldomtomorroweaccelerateliteratureiimpossibleersoldierteachermotherpaperordoctorvisitorarsugarvinegarourlabourcoloureaocean字母及字母组合/a:/afastfatherbasketaftermasterarmarketlargearthardfarmeralhalfcalmearhearterclert/ʌ/uupunderjustluckyodoesdonehoneystomachoofloodbloodoucoupleenough字母及组合/ɔ:/arquarterauauthordaughterPaulalallwalktalkfallawhawkdraworforceportshortstorystormoaabroadoarboardoorfloordoororemoreourfour字母及组合/ɒ/oblockborrowsockpocketawatchwashwasoucoughowknowledge字母及组合/u:/odotoimproveloseooafternoonbamboomoonfoodouyouthyougroupuruleruleruebluetrueoeshoeuifruitewgrewflew字母及组合/ʊ/owomanoolookbookgoodtookcookoushouldcouldwoulduputfullbullpushpull•双元音是作为一个音节、用一次呼气发出来的两个元音的连缀。这个连缀是以滑流音的形式读出来的，即舌从第一个元音的位置向第二个元音方向以最直接的途径滑过去而成为一个音。合口双元音：集中双元音：/ei//ai//ɔi//əʊ//aʊ//iə//eə//ʊə/字母及组合/ei/aageacheatesaveaiaimaidmainaysaygraytodayeabreakgreateieightyweighweight字母及组合/ai/iiceislandwinelightietieighhighsighmightyskytrydryuybuyguy/ɔi/oisoilcoinjoinoyjoytoyenjoy字母及组合/əu/ooldopenoverowrowflowwindowoaboatcoatuoquoteoetoeoughdough字母及组合/au/oudoubtaroundaloudowtowercowhow字母及组合/iә/earealideaearhearclearlyfeareirtheirweirdeerbeererehereoucuriousseriousieexperienceeumuseumioidiot字母及组合/εə/aareaairfairpairchairarvaryparentaeaeroplanearecarecompareprepareearbearpearwearerewherethere字母及组合/uә/ourtouroorpooruresureConsonants1.辅音的特点：辅音是气流从肺中压出后受唇、齿、舌、咽喉等发音器官阻碍的结果。辅音有清浊之分,发音时声带震动的是浊音，不震动的是清音。PlosiveConsonants1.爆破音：/p/－/b//t/－/d//k/－/g/•/p/－/b/对比:•park-barktap-tabmop-mob/t/－/d/对比：•heart-hardsight-sidefeet-feed/k/－/g/对比:•pig-picklog-lockdug-duckFricativeConsonants2.摩擦音/f/－/v//s/－/z//f/－/v/对比:leaf-leaveproof-provecalf-carve/s/－/z/对比:•cease-seizeloose-loserace-raise对比•breath-breatheworth-worthy/ð//θ/[ʃ][ʒ]对比:•pressure-pleasuresocial-usual[h]•hugeholdithighbehidethehouse[r]•rudecrazybrokenfreshFricativeConsonants/tr/treetricktruetreattry/dr/drydrinkdropdrive/ts/lotsgetsbootscats/dz/readsbedsbirds3.破擦音：/ʧ/cheapchoiceeachtouch/ʤ/judgejoinjamedgebridgeNasalconsonants4.鼻音/m/,/n/,/ŋ/•/m/memorymouthfirm•/n/nastynamenaillearn•/ŋ/kingbringsingasongLateralconsonant5.舌边音/l/(有两种发音)A.如果在元音字母前面,•longleavelionlockcolorfollowB.如果/l/在辅音前面或词尾,•appleballmealbellsailruleSemi-vowels6.半元音/w//j//w/weekword/j/yesyouthSyllables•音节(Syllables):音节是包含一个元音或一个元音跟别的辅音结合而成的发音单位。在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可以构成一个音节,一般来说,元音可以构成音节,辅音不响亮,不能构成音节。•但英语辅音字母中有4个辅音[m]，[n]，[ng]，[l]是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音节。•英语的词有一个音节的，两个音节的，多个音节的，一个音节叫单音节，两个音节叫双音节，三个音节以上叫多音节。•确定音节时,一不能只看字母的数,二不能只看有没有元音字母,而是要看有没有元音。Typesofsyllables(A)开音节(Opensyllables):分绝对开音节和相对开音节两种。读音的规则就是发其中元音字母的名称音。(B)闭音节(Closesyllables):元音字母后面有辅音字母（r除外）时,这个元音字母构成的音节叫做闭音节。它的读音规则是:元音字母a读作/æ/;e读作/e/;i读作/i/;o读作/ɔ/;u读作/Λ/,1、重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号“'”。2、浊化音以sp__,st___,sk___开头的单词清辅音/p//t//k/分别要发浊辅音/b//d//g/。3、定冠词the的读音•在以辅音音素开头的单词之前读作/ðə/，如：theday,thekey),thehouse•在以元音音素开头的单词前要发/ði:/的音，如：theend,thehour,theinside其它读音规则5、不完全爆破(Incompleteexplosion)爆破音[p][b][t][d][k][g]后面紧跟另一个爆破音时，前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍，而不能完全读出。•baske(t)balla(c)tor,bla(ck)boardSi(t)down.Ican’(t)come.•Idon’(t)believeheisaba(d)boy.(1)“辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。I’m~an~Englishboy.It~is~an~oldbook.Letmehave~alook~at~it.MsBlackworkedin~an~officelast~yesterday.Icalled~youhalf~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on,please.Not~at~all.Pleasepick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的r或re不但要发/r/.而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。They’remyfather~andmother.Ilookedfor~ithere~andthere.There~isafootballunder~it.There~aresomebooksonthedesk.Here~isaletterforyou.Here~arefour~eggs.Butwhere~ismycup?Where~areyourbrother~andsister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r，即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。Theblackcloudsarecomingnearerandnearer.（nearer与and不可连读）(3)“辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头，此时也要连读。Thank~you.Nicetomeet~you.Did~yougettherelate~again?Would~youlike~acup~oftea？Could~youhelpme,please?“音的同化”常把/d/+/j/读成/d/，didyou听上成了/didu/，wouldyou成了/wudu/，couldyou成了/kudu/。合口双元音：集中双元音：Janehatestobelateonthefirstdate.I’lldrivefivemileson