unit 1 Art Grammar 虚拟语气 (1 )

语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。1.陈述语气(TheindicativeMood)用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请,命令,警告或劝告等.Let’shaveatalk.Don’tjumpinthequeue.3.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望，怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.if引导的条件句条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。Ifyouhadcomehere,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains.真实条件句虚拟条件句一、if引导的虚拟条件句动词形式If从句主句should+v.wereto+v.Did(be用were)would/should/could/might+v.原形Did(be用were)would/should/could/might+v.原形had+donewould/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反1）表示与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）would/should/could/might＋doEg：如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheinvitation.如果我有空，我就去那儿。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.2）与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时would/should/could/might＋havedoneEg：如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn'thavemissedthebus.如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.3）与将来事实可能相反条件从句主句一般过去时（be多用were）shoulddo,weretodowould/should/could/might＋动词原形Eg：假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier，you__________________thebus.2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。IfI____notbusy,I_________younow.3.如果明天不考试的话，我就能和你一起去野餐了。IfI_______________________tomorrow,I__________tothepicnicwithyou.hadgotwerewouldhelpshouldn’ttaketheexamwouldgowouldhavecaughtPractice4.IfI____________busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegonePractice5.Ifhe__________morecarefully,he________________thecaraccidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddrivenPracticeShoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.注意！！！1.If的省略如果if从句中有_______,_________或________,可将if省略，而将_______,__________,__________放到句首，构成部分倒装。wereshouldhadwereshouldhad2.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句，又叫混合条件句。该条件句中，从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应该根据所指的不同时间选用不同的时态形式。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.（从句说明将来，主句说明现在）如果我们今天下午不考试，我现在就去购物。3、含蓄条件句有时虚拟语气并不总是用if条件句来表示，而是通过上下文或一些词/短语表示出来。这些词或短语相当于if引导的条件句.如butfor(要不是），otherwise/or(else)(否则，要不然），without（如果没有）with,but等。Without/butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Ifithadn’tbeenforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?=whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Hetelephonedmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.二.虚拟语气用于名词性从句:1.wish/ifonly+宾语从句现在:过去时/过去进行时（be动词一律用were）过去:过去完成时(haddone)将来:would/could/might+V.(原)1.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.2.IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.3.Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.PracticePractice4.要是我是一只飞鸟就好了！IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!5.要是我看了那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!6.她要是愿意和我一起去就好了！Ifonlyshewouldgowithme!2.wouldrather+宾语从句现在/将来:过去:a.Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.b.IwouldratherIhadn’tcomeyesterday.c.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时（did;were)过去完成时(haddone)1.IfIweretodoit,I_____inadifferentway.A.shalldoB.willdoC.woulddoD.havedone2.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you____permission.A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavegotD.mayhavegot3.____Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.WasB.hadbeenC.WillbeD.WerePractice4.It’shardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inloveatageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.ShouldfallD.weretofall5._____theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor6.Withoutcomputers,muchoftoday’sadvancedtechnology_____.A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachievedC.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved7.HowIwishI____tomyparents’advice.A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened8.I’dratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t9.It’stoobadthatmycomputerhasgotanewvirus.IfonlyI____thatprogramme.A.didn’trunB.haven’trunC.hadn’trunD.wouldn’trun