雅思写作常见语法(比较级和主谓一致)

雅思英语常见语法比较级最高级和主谓一致第一节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级三个等级：原级（positivedegree），比较级(comparativedegree)和最高级(superlativedegree)原级常见词组：…as….as…常见错误：形容词误认为是副词costly昂贵的lonely孤独的deadly死一般的lively活泼的friendly友好的silly傻气的kindly热心肠的likely可能的leisurely悠闲的ugly长得丑的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly尘世的以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒着的alone单独的，惟一的alive活着的ashamed羞愧的asleep睡着的aware意识到的well健康的content满意的unable分词形容词一律比较级和最高级使用more,mosttired,moretired,mosttired不规则比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittle/fewlessleastfarfarther/furtherfarther/furtheroldolder/eldestoldest/eldestTwoheadsarebetterthanone.Thebestmirrorisanoldfriend.老友是宝镜Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见知己Morehaste,lessspeed.欲速则不达曼彻斯特离伦敦比牛津远。ManchesterisfartherfromLondonthanOxfordis.Thereisacottageonthefurthersideofthehill.Haveyouanyfurtherquestionstoask?合成词的比较级和最高级well-behavedbetter-behaved/morewell-behavedbest-behaved/mostwell-behaved以下形容词可能没有比较级和最高级形式：excellent,perfect,infinite,simultaneous,absolute,eternal,fatal,possible,main,inevitable,primary,sufficient,supreme,unanimous,universal,utter,vital,whole,etc形容词比较级的修饰语：Much,alot,far,abit,alittle,slightly,etcSheisactuallyagooddealolderthanshelooks.形容词比较级的比较方式：1.…as..原级..as…2.比较级+than+比较成分常见错误：比较成分不能并列，省略比较对象（通常在句子的后半部分）Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanwithlittleambition.Onthewhole,ambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition.加倍数和数字时的句序错误“Doyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepainting?”“No,Iwouldgladlyhavepaidforit.”[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice注意在as…as句型中积累一些地道英语比喻词组ascheerfulasalarkasquietasamouseaslightasafeatheraswatchfulasahawkasfirmasarockasuglyasa____asstrongasa___以下短语不用比较级就已包含比较概念inferior,minor,senior,prior,preferto,superior,major,junior,preferable,differfrom,comparedwith,incomparisonwith,differentfrom,ratherthan，一般后面用介词toTheirwatchissuperiortoalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.Priortohisdeparture,headdressedalettertohisdaughter.在离开之前他写了一封信给女儿。Nowthey(Americanvisitors)makeup19.5percentofalltheforeigntouristsinChina,comparedto17.1percentlastyear.“比较级＋and+比较级”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原级”以及“ever,steadily,daily等副词＋比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等。前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中，注意的是这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.Thepaceofliveisbecomingfasterandfaster.Theroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatall.theroadgotworseandworse.比较级前面可以用even,still,yet,allthe(more)等修饰语用以加强语气，表示“更加”的意思Todayitisevencolderthanyesterday.Ihaveyetmoreexcitingnewsforyou.比较级的特殊用法：nomorethannotmorethanIhavenomorethan5dollarsinmypocket.(强调少)Ihavenotmorethan5dollarsinmypocket.(不多于，稍少于)nolessthannotlessthanHeisnolessdeterminedthanyou.(不亚于)Heisnotlessdeterminedthanyou.(不少于，稍大于)no/notanymore…than…两者一样都不……Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制。justas…so…正如……，……也……（用倒装结构）Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,soistheatmosphere.表语中比较两个形容词时，不管形容词有多少个音节，都用more…than…，可以换为…ratherthan…Thelittlegirlismoreshythantimid.Sheismoreamotherthanawife.Sheismoreofamotherthanawife.比较级和最高级可以互换Shesingsbetterthananyoneelseinherclass.=Shesingsbestinherclass.anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelseJohnrunsfasterthananyone.注意不要出现逻辑混乱，时刻记牢比较成分要一致最高级的一些注意事项：最高级比较范围用介词in,over,of,amongin,(all)over用于在某一范围内的比较of,among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较注意：among…相当于oneof…,不说amongall…___allvisiblelights,redlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelength.AAmongBOfCForDTo与at连用做状语Heis,atbest,asecond-ratenovelist.他充其量也就是个二流作家。most可以用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，要注意与“the+形容词最高级＋of+名词”的结构表示的最高级的区别Basketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountry.Chineseisamostdifficultlanguage.平行结构与比较级平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较级或者暗含比较意味的连词引导的大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义的，有的是递进对比notonly…but(also),prefer…to…,…ratherthan…递进对比and,but,or,both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…..同类对比Itisbettertodieone’sfeetthan.Alivingonone’skneesBliveonone’skneesConone’skneesDtoliveonone’sknees注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。ratherthan,letalone虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。Forthenewcountrytosurvive,letaloneforitspeopletoenjoyprosperity,neweconomicpolicieswillberequired.因为新的国家要生存，而不是让人民享受富足生活，所以我们需要新的经济政策。如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。Attimes,morecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials.Exercises:Multiplechoice:1.Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf.Aoflastyear’sBthoseoflastyear’sCofthoseoflastyearDthatoflastyear’s2.Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.AsevenmoretimesBseventimesmoreCoverseventimesDseventimes3.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.AmuchmorethanBnomorethanCnolessthanDanymorethan4.Itismoreimportantthatsheshouldbefree___sheshouldlivealuxuriouslife.A.thanB.thatC.morethanD.thanthat5.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalstyle.AratherthanBotherthanCbetterthanDlessthan中英互译1.一个有更佳环