虚拟语气解析以及练习题答案详细解答

虚拟语气解析及练习与答案详解虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的运用1、状语从句中的虚拟语气（1）非真实条件句中的虚拟语气（if引导的条件句）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就买了它。IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。Ifyouhadstudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。与将来事实相反动词过去式（be用were）/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping.如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。省略if的用法有were,had,should等可省if，将were/had/should移至句首主句的形式分别与上述三种情况相同。WereIyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就买了它。Hadyoustudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.如果上学期你努力学习的话，你考试就会及格了。Haditnotbeenforhishelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceeded.如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功。含蓄条件句在虚拟语气中，有时并没有明显的表示条件的句子，而是通过句子的逻辑关系或一些词、短语等暗示出来，如without,butfor(要不是),otherwise(否则)ButfortheEnglishtest,Iwouldhavegonehomethisweek.要不是英语测试，我这个礼拜就回家了。Withoutwarintheworld,peoplewouldliveamorehappylife.如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。Heisill.Otherwisehecouldcome.他病了，否则他会来的。错综时间主句与从句的动作发生在不同Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youwouldn’tbeinsuchtroublenow.（过去-----现在）如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthemovielastnight.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了。(现在-过去)的条件句的时间，主句和从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同。Iftheyhadlefthomeearly,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他们离家早的话，半个小时就该到了。（过去—将来）IfMonicashouldarrivetoday,shemusthavestartedthreedaysago.（将来—过去）如果莫妮卡今天到达的话，那她一定在三天前就动身了。（2）方式状语从句（asif/though）说明从句谓语例句特别提示与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）Shelovesthechildasifhewereherown.Johnpretendsasifhedidn’tknowthethingatall.从句时态与主句没有关系。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词HespeaksEnglishasifhehadstudieditinEnglandbefore.（3）让步状语从句（evenif/though）说明从句谓语主句谓语例句与现在/将来情况相反动词过去式（be用were）Would/should+动词原形Eveniftheyweretofail,theywouldn’tlosecourage.即使他们会失败，他们也不会泄气。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词Would/should+have+过去分词Evenifithadbeenraining,weshouldhavehadaget-together.即使天下雨了，我们也应聚聚的。(4)目的状语从句（sothat,inorderthat等引导）（了解内容）从句谓语例句特别提示Can/could/may/might/would/should+动词原形Wehadameetingsothatwecouldknowwhattodonext.我们开了个会以便能了解接下来该做什么。Wetookataxiinorderthatwecouldgetthereontime.为了按时到达那里，我们乘了辆出租车。现在英语中常用陈述句语气。2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气分类说明从句谓语例句主语从句在itis/wasimportant/apity/necessary/suggested/requiredthat…等句子中(Should+)动词原形It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这样做是很自然的。Itwasagreatpitythatyou(should)havemadesomanymistakesinyourmathexercise.太遗憾了，你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误宾语从句主句谓语是wouldrather/sooner/prefer等与现在/将来情况相反过去式Iwouldratheryoucamethisweekend.我宁愿你这个周末来。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词Iwouldratherhehadvisitedusyesterday.我宁愿他昨天来看过我们。主句谓语是wish与现在情况相反动词过去式（be用were）Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！IwishIcouldhelpyou.但愿我能帮助你。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词Shewishesshehadbeenherelastweek.她想要是她上星期在这里就好了。与将来情况相反would/could/might+动词原形Iwishyouwouldbemorecarefulinfuture.希望你今后会更小心一些才好。在suggest,advise,propose,insist,demand,desire,request,require,decide,order,command等表示建议、要求、决定或命令的动词（should+）动词原形Weproposedthatthemedicine(should)becleanedagain.我们提出把那台机器再清洗一次。Thecaptainorderedthatwe(should)leavethevillagebeforedaybreak.上尉下令叫我们在天亮前离开村庄。ThestudentsrequestedthattheteacherssingasongattheEnglishevening.学生们要求老师们在英语晚会上唱一支歌。Iinsistshegotherewithhermother.我坚持要她同她母亲到那儿去。[注意]insist作“力言”、“强调”解时宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.迈克力言他从未偷过东西。表主句主语为表示命令、建议、要求等的名词，如（should+）动词原形Myadviceisthatmoretrees(should)beplantedaroundthevillage.我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树。Theirproposalisthatwe(should)setup语从句suggestion,order,advice,desire,idea,request,proposal等asparetimeschoolforthem.他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校。Hisideaisthatwe(should)discussthereport.他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告。同位语从句表示建议、命令、希望、要求等的名词如suggestion,order,proposal,idea,plan（should+）动词原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.我们都同意他的意见，去北京观光。Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwe(should)beginthesecondexperimentatonce?你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样？3、其他情况的虚拟语气分类从句谓语例句Itis(high/about)timethat过去式/should+动词原形（should不能省略）Itistimewewenttobed.It’sabouttimeyoubeganyourwork.Ifonly引导的感叹句与现在情况相反过去式（be用were）IfonlyIhadanotherchance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。与过去情况相反Had+过去分词Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了就好了。与将来情况相反would/should/could/might/+动词原形Ifonlyproblemswouldcomeoneatatime!要是问题一次只发生一个该多好！表示祝愿的句子May或may+动词原形Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩的痛快。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。练习题及答案解释Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,______allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost解析：这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中bythetimetheywerefinished表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）wouldhavelost为正确答案。2.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,heourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should,could,might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。3.IfyouJerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontactC.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted解析：untilrecently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一