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8.特殊词精讲8.1stopdoing/todostoptodo停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。Imuststopsmoking..我必须戒烟了。典型例题Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案:C。由题意可知,她到了山顶,停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此,应选择stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止,所以stopdoingsth.不正确。8.2forgetdoing/todoforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)Thelightintheofficeisstilon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)Don‘tforgettocometomorrow.别忘了明天来。(tocome动作未做)典型例题----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh,Iforgot___.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案:C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。8.3rememberdoing/todoremembertodo记得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing记得做过某事(已做)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don‘tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?8.4regretdoing/todoregrettodo对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没有办法。Idon‘tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone答案:D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔,因此选D。8.5ceasedoing/todoceasetodo长时间,甚至永远停做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事,以后还会接着做。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个部门已不复存在。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时,停了会聊天。8.6trydoing/todotrytodo努力,企图做某事。trydoing试验,试着做某事。Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。Itriedgardeningbutdidn‘tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。8.7goondoing/todogoontodo做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。goondoing继续做原来做的事。Afterhehadfinishedhismaths,hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后,他接着去做物理。Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完这个练习后,接着做其他的练习8.8beafraiddoing/todobeafraidtodo不敢,胆怯去做某事,是主观上的原因不去做,意为怕;beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的,意为生怕,恐怕。Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.她生怕被蛇咬着,而不敢在草丛中再走一步。Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。8.9beinteresteddoing/todointerestedtodo对做某事感兴趣,想了解某事。interestedindoing对某种想法感兴趣,doing通常为想法。Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道发生了什么事。(想了解)I‘minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?(一种想法)8.10meantodoing/todomeantodo打算、想meandoing意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去,但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力8.11begin(start)doing/todobegin/starttodosthbegin/startdoingsth.1)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?你几岁时开始弹钢琴?2)begin,start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式todoIwasbeginningtogetangry。我开始生起气来。3)在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时,常用不定式todo。Ibegintounderstandthetruth。我开始明白真相。4)物作主语时Itbegantomelt.8.12感官动词+doing/todo感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调我见他正干活这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案:A。因题意为,他们看着她长大,因此强调的是成长的过程,而非正在长的动作,因此用seesbdosth句型。2)Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay答案A.本题强调其动作,正在河边玩,应此用seesb.doingsth句型。分词9.1分词作定语分词前置Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人分词后置(i分词词组;ii个别分词如given,left;iii修饰不定代词something等)Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题Thereisnothinginteresting.没有有趣的东西过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.典型例题1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written答案D.书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句whichiswritten2)What‘sthelanguage____inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak答案B.主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,spoken与language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What‘sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman?9.2分词作状语AsIdidn‘treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.-Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了电话。Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.-Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.假如多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好。典型例题1)_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed答案B.Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。beingfollowed除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进行之意。followedby(被…跟随)。本题可改为:Withsomeofficialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.2)Therewasaterriblenoise___thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed答案B.由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在分词。3)_______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat答案C.本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行的;过去分词表被动的,已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句Whenitisheated,…注意:选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.
本文标题:中学英语语法全集(人教版)
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