william Blake

WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克(1757-1827)LifeExperienceLiteraryCreationsLiteraryPositionhallucination:幻觉eg.atreefullofangels从童年时代起，布莱克就充满了丰富的想像力，并且时常经历幻想。他说他曾看见过缀满天使的大树，曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先贤，并给他们画过画像。他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和诗歌表现出来。他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后的变形人体或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物。布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识。在当时人们的眼中，它是个反理性主义者、梦幻家和神秘主义者，一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂。他的作品没有受到重视。直到十九、二十世纪之交，叶芝等人重编了他的诗集，人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻。接着是他的书信和笔记的发表，他的神启式的画也逐渐普及，于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑。Blake’spoliticalviews•Blakewasarebel.•Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthedarksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildrenandforcedprostitution.•HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution.1.PoemsPoeticalSketches《诗歌素描》hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence(1789)《天真之歌》SongsofExperience(1794)《经验之歌》LiteraryCreationsPoeticalSketches•12-20岁之间写作的诗。尝试写作莎士比亚的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗。有对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹息，也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视，还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌。•Acollectionoflyricalpoems,whicharehighlymusical.Blake'sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy,togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures,canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs.SongsofInnocenceIntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence,thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud.SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren.Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart.alaughingchilduponacloudIntheintroductionofSongsofExperience,thepoetbecomes“thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew”.•InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor.Somebest-knownpoems《天真之歌》和《经验之歌》中最著名的一些诗篇TheLittleBlackBoy《黑小孩》TheChimneySweeper《扫烟囱的孩子》TheLamb《羊羔》TheTiger《老虎》AhSunflower!《啊，向日葵！》London《伦敦》TheTigerAhSunflower！•AhSunflower,wearyoftime,•Whocountestthestepsofthesun;•Seekingafterthatsweetgoldenclime•Wherethetraveller'sjourneyisdone;•WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire,•Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow,•Arisefromtheirgraves,andaspire•WheremySunflowerwishestogo!《啊，向日葵》啊，向日葵！怀着对时间的厌倦•整天数着太阳的脚步．•它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边——•倦旅的旅途在那儿结束；•那儿，少年因渴望而憔悴早殇，•苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布，•都从他们坟中起来向往——•向着我的向日葵要去的国度。•（飞白译）AuguriesofInnocence•ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower,•HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhand•AndEternityinanhour.•天真的预示•一颗沙里看出一个世界，•一朵野花里一座天堂，•把无限放在你的手掌上，•永恒在一刹那里收藏。•梁宗岱译扫烟囱孩子（一）选自《天真之歌》（卞之琳译）•我母亲死的时候，我还小得很，•我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人，•我当时还不大喊得清“扫呀，扫，”•我就扫你们烟囱，裹煤屑睡觉。•有个小托姆，头发卷得像小羊头，•剃光的时候，哭得好伤心，好难受，•我就说：“小托姆，不要紧，光了脑袋，•大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发。”•他就安安静静了，当天夜里，•托姆睡着了，事情就来得稀奇，•他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩•阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材。•后来来了个天使，拿了把金钥匙，•开棺材放出了孩子们（真是好天使！）•他们就边跳，边笑，边跑过草坪，•到河里洗了澡，太阳里晒得亮晶晶。•光光的，白白的，把袋子都抛个一地，•他们就升上了云端，在风里游戏；•“只要你做个好孩子，”天使对托姆说，•“上帝会做你的父亲，你永远快乐。”•托姆就醒了；屋子里黑咕隆咚，•我们就起来拿袋子、扫帚去做工。•大清早尽管冷，托姆的心里可温暖；•这叫做：各尽本分，就不怕灾难。TheChimneySweeper(II)AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying‘weep,weep”innotesofwoe!“Wherearethyfather&mother?say?”“Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.”“BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,Andsmil’damongthewinter’ssnow;Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.“AndbecauseIamhappy,&dance&sing,Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,AndaregonetopraiseGod&hisPriest&King,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery”.Prose:TheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)《天堂与地狱的联姻》TheFrenchRevolution《法国大革命》1791Prose：TheMarriageofHeavenandHell(1790)《天堂与地狱的联姻》--想象力的赞美诗AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake'sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression.Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.布莱克对当时所有的政府、道德以及宗教法规进行抨击批判。Blake’sEtchings(蚀刻画)Thelover’swhirlwindForDante’sworkThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBibleTheGoodandtheBadAngelsWilliamBlake1757-1827ElohimcreatingAdam1795DanteandVergilTheDivineComedyBlake’sliteraryachievements1.Asymbolist,oramystic神秘主义者;manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically.2.Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit.(visualimages,imagination)3.Naturalsentiment怜悯之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems.4.图、文结合：诗中有画，画中有诗Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia,combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting”.--StephenMarx2.“BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart艺术史上的重要人物.Pre-romanticism•WhendidPre-romanticismappear?inthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury•WhatarethemainfeaturesofPre-romanticism?1)RomanticRevival;2)StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism3)Claimsofpassionandemotion4)RenewedinterestsinmedievalliteraturePre-romanticism•Whoaretherepresentatives?WilliamBlakeandRobertBurns•What’sthesignificance?markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEnglandCompanyLogo•Iwanderthro’eachcharter’dstreet,•Nearwherethecharter’dThamesdoesflow.•AndmarkineveryfaceImeet•Ma