脑功能成像原理和技术

1001011.11.21.32.12.22.312070,X(CT,computerizedtomography)(MRI,magneticresonanceimaging)fMRIfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging21.1SPECTsinglephotonemissioncomputerizedtomographyPETpositronemissiontomographyMRSmagneticresonancespectroscopySPECTPETγγγPETPET18F2-18F-FDG15OrCBFPET10-9SPECTPETPET-182-PETSPECTPETMRSγ-GABAN-1HMRS132319331MRSMRMRSMRSIMRSMRSMRSMRSMRSMRSMRS12PETfMRIfunctionalmagneticresonanceimagingopticalimagingPET18F-FDG15O-H2OfMRIPETfMRIfMRIPETPETfMRI90PETMRIMRINADH4intrinsicopticalimagingNIRSnear-infraredspectroscopyNIRSPETfMRINIRS1.3EEGelectroencephalographyMEGmagnetoencephalographyMEGmagnetoencephalographyEEGMEGSQUIDsuperconductingquantuminterferencedeviceEEGMEGEEG5ERPERPERPNERPNERPPNP300300P300N400EEG/MEGEEGfMRIPETfMRIfMRIfMRIFMRIPETNIRSERPMR6200500211H13C14N23Na31PB0B0LarmorB0T1T2T1T2T1T2MRMRMRIspinecho,SEechoplanarimaging,EPITRTET1TRTET2T2*T2*fMRIblood-oxygenationleveldependent,BOLD2T2*T2*BOLDfMRIBOLDfMRIperfuxon-basedfMRI7EPIEPIEPIFLASHfastlowangleshotFLASHEPIEPIFLASH2SET13GRASST122fMRIblockeddesignevent-relateddesignfMRI12ERP-fMRINN8fMRI23SPMAFNIMEDxAnalyzeMRIcroFIASCO231-fMRI1/101-2%5º5º9TalairachTournoux12anteriorcommissure,ACposteriorcommissure,PCyzAC-PCxyz232fMRIvoxelstatisticalparametricmaps,SPM,SPMtSPMFt-F-Bandettinicross-correlation,CCFFTfMRIt-010-1fMRIx(i),x(i)=01y(i)I0N102111221))(())(()()()((⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡−−−−=∑∑∑===NiNiNiyiyxixyiyxixrxy∑∑====NiNiiyNyixNx11)(1),(1t-100-1t-rt-)1(2rrnt−⋅=r=n==N-2N=GeneralLinearModel,GLMYjj=1JLYj11=1LYjjjljljjxxxYεβ+++++=LL111lβLjε0o2111jxjjjxYεβµ++=11µYY01=xY1jε~N0o21jjjjxxYεβµ++=221t-t-q=1,2HjY1jY2),,(~2oNYqqjµ21µµ=2,1,=+=qYqjaqjεµqµq1µ2µqjqjqjqjxxYεµµ++=22111q=11q=20q=1,qjx1qjY;01=qjxq=212=qjx1MMLL=+++++=1111111εβββLlllxxxYMMLL=+++++=jLjLljljjxxxYεβββ11JLJLlJlJjxxxYεβββ+++++=LL11⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡JjYYYLL1=+⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡JLJlJjLjljLlxxxxxxxxxLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL111111⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡JjβββLL1⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡JjεεεLL1Y=XLJjYjY12XYXXXTT1)(−=β)t-t-t-F-LinearInvariantSystem,LISf(t)y(t)[])()(1tytf→→[])()(2tytg→→ab)()()()(21tbytaytbgtaf+→→⋅t0t0)()(1tytf→→)()(010ttyttf−→→−t⎩⎨⎧≠=∞+=0,00,)(tttδ11=∫+−〉εεεττδ0,)(df(t)=∫+∞∞−−ττδτdtf)()(h(t)13[])()(tht→→δy(t)f(t)y(t)=∫+∞∞−−τττdthf)()()()()()(thtfdthf⊗≡−∫+∞∞−τττh(t)fMRIf(t)y(t)h(t)hemodynamicresponsefunction,HRF,,h(t)fMRIfMRI1420GE1.5TMRI.T2EPI(TR=2s,TE=60ms,3.753.75mm27mm)120SETR=440ms,TE=11ms,SPGRTR=11.1ms,TE=4.2ms,FOV=22,NEX=2,2561204022402410240AFNI5mm0.5F515fMRIPETfMRIP10-15P0.05MRI1016BrocaBrocafMRIPETERPfMRIPETERPfMRIEPRPETERP17119993084902319994WagemansJ.,VerstratenF.A.J.,HeS.(editors)Beyondthedecadeofthebrain:towardsafunctionalneruoanatomyofthemind.AcataPsychologica,2001,107(specialissue).5BandettiniP.A.,JesmanowicaA.,WongE.C.,etal.Processingstrategiesfortime-coursedatasetsinfunctionalMRIofthehumanbrain.Magn.Reson.Med.,1993,30:161-1736BoyntonC.M.,EngelS.A.,GloverG.H.LinearsystemsanalysisoffunctionalmagneticresonanceimaginginhumanV1.J.Neuroscience,1996,16:4207-4221.7CoxR.X.,HydeJ.S.SoftwaretoolsforanalysisandvisualizationofFMRIdata.NMRinBiomedicine,1997,10:171-178.8DaleA.M.Optionalexperimentaldesignforevent-relatedFMRI.HumanBrainMapping,1999,8:109-114.9FristonK.J.,HolmesA.P.,WorsleyK.J.StatisticalParametricmapsinfunctionalimaging:agenerallinearapproach.HumanBrainMapping,1995,2:189-210.10GazzanigaM.S.(Editor-in-chief)TheNewCognitiveNeurosciences,2000,Cambridge:TheMITPress.11PollmannS.,WigginsC.J.,NorrisD.G.etal.1997.Useofshortintertribalintervalsinsingle-trialexperiments:a3TfMRI-study.NeuroImage,1997,8:327-33912WengX.C.,DingY-.S.,VolkowN.D.Imagingthefunctionalhumanbrain.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,1996,96:11073-11074.18