氨氮脱除的生物技术研究进展方苹

25520039　　　　　　　JOURNALOFNANJINGUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYVol.25No.5Sep.2003方　苹,范伟平,沈珈琦,李　霜(南京工业大学制药与生命科学学院,江苏南京210009)　:简述了国内外近几年氨氮脱除的生物技术研究进展情况。近年来出现了短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮的新概念和新技术,为生物脱氮技术开拓了新的发展空间;同时特殊菌株的筛选和培育也是氨氮脱除生物技术发展的热点之一。最近的研究结果表明存在着单细胞细菌好氧代谢过程氨氧化耦合脱除氨氮的可能性与可行性。:细菌脱氮;氮代谢耦合;短程硝化反硝化;同时硝化反硝化;厌氧氨氧化:X703.1　　　:A　　　:1671-7643(2003)05-0107-04　　、,,,,。。、、,。[1～7]。,。。,。1　,;,,,,、。1.1　NO-2,NO-2,NO-2。、,。C.Hellinga[8],1.7/t。[9]———、,81.34%。(30～40℃),。,,NO-2NO-3,NO-2,。1997DelftSHARON(singlereactorforhighactivityammoniaremovalovernitrite)[10]30～40℃,。。1.2　(simultaneousnitrificationdenitri-fication,SND)。,。SND:2003-01-08::　(1979-),,,,、、、。,,,。,SND。[11]COD/NH3(),;Gupta[12]RBCSND,T.pantotropha,SND。1.3　(anaerobicammoniaoxidation　ANAMMOX),Planctomycetalessp.NH+4,NO-2NO-3,NH+4、NO-2NO-3N2[13],:NH3+1.32NO-2+H+1.02N2+0.26NO-3+2H2O(2/)[14],,,PlanctomycetalesNO-2,。,1999DelfSHARON-ANAMMOX(-)[15],。[16](oxygenlimitedautotrophicnitrificationdenitrification　OLAND),NH+4NO-2,NO-2:0.5NH+4+0.75O20.5NO-2+0.5H2O+H+0.5NH+4+0.5NO-2　　0.5N2←+H2OSND,,,,。2　,。2.1　,NH3NO-2,。NH32～3,,,NH3[17]。Robertson[18]NH3NO-2,NO-2,。E.D.R.Brierley[19]β-,。A.B.Gupta[20]Thiosphaerapan-totropha,。2.2　。N.Wrage[21]Nitrosomonasspp.315NO-215N2;Bock[22]0.2mg.L-1,NH4—NN2。[23];D.Patureau[24]Microvirgulaaerodenitrificans。Chris-tine[25]Thiosphaerapan-totropha,90%;A.B.Gupta[20]Thiosphaerapantotropha,Thiosphaerapantotropha。2.3　、,。S.Vidal[26]NH4—N2,NH4—N,,。A.KoenigL.H.Liu[27]Thiobacillusdenitrificans:Thiobacillusdenitrificans,SO2-4,NO-3N2,108　　　　　　　25;:NO-3+1.10S+0.40CO2+0.76H2+0.08NH+40.5N2+1.10SO2-4+1.28H++0.08C5H7O2N3　　　,,;,,,。1995,Mulder[28],。Poth[29],GuptaA.B[20],、C、C551。,,、。1。1　Fig.1　Thegraphofbacterialmetabolism　　　,,,,,,。,,,,,。:[1]　KorenDW,GouldWD.Biologicalremovalofammoniaandnitratefromsimulatedmineandmilleffluents[J].Hydrometallurgy,2000,56:127-144.[2]　BernetN,DelgenesN.Combinedanaerobic-aerobicSBRforthetreatmentofpiggerywastewater[J].WatRes,2000,34(2):611-619.[3]　CharngGwoJih,JuShengHuang,KwoChiangHsieh.Performanceevaluationofsing-sludgereactorsystemhigh-strengthnitrogenwastewater[J].JournalofHazardousMaterials,2001,85:213-227.[4]　ElisabethVMnch.Simultaneousnitrificationanddenitrificationinbench-scalesequencingbatchreactors[J].WatRes,1996,30(2):277-184.[5]　KararynaKujawa,BramKlapwijk.Amethodtoestimatedenitrifica-tionpotentialforprodenitrificationsystemsusingNURBatchtest[J].WatRes,1999,33(10):2291-2300.[6]　KristGernaey,AlexisVanderhasselt.Sensorstomonitorbiologicalni-trogenremovalandactivatedsludgesettling[J].JournalofMicrobio-logicalMethods,1998,32:193-204.[7]　GalluzzoM,DucatoR.ExpertcontrolofDOintheaerobicreactorofanactivatedsludgeprocess[J].ComputersandChemicalEngineer-ing,2001,25:619-625.[8]　HellingaC,SchellenAAJC,MulderJW.Thesharonprocess:aninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromammonium-richwastewa-ter[J].WatRes,1998,37:135-142.[9]　,　.SMSBR[J].,2001,11:8-12.[10]　JettenMSM.Towardsamoresustainablemunicipalwastewatertreat-mentsystem[J].WaterSciTechi,1997,35(9):171-180.1095　:[11]　,,.[J].,2001,27(1):22-24.[12]　GuptaSK,RajaSM.Simultaneousnitrification-denitrificationinarotatingbiologicalcontactor[J].EnvirTech,1994,15:145-153.[13]　StrousM,FuerstJA.Missinglithotrophidentifiedasnewplancto-mycete[J].Nature,1999,400:446-449.[14]　VandeGraafAA,deBruijnmP.Autotrophlicgrowthofanaerobicammonium-oxidisingmicroorganisminafluidizedbedreactor[J].Mi-crobiology,1995,142:2187-2196.[15]　JettenMSM,StrousM.Theanaerobicoxidationofammonium[J].FEMSMicrobiolRev,1999,22:421-437.[16]　,.[J].,2000,1(6):11-19.[17]　GeraatsSGM,HooijmansCM,VanNiel.Theuseofametabolicallystructuredmodelinthestudyofgrowth,nitrification,anddenitrifica-tionbyThiosphaerapantotropha[J].BiotechnolBioeng,1990,36:921-930.[18]　RobertsonLA,Kuinin.Nitngenremovalfromwaterandwaste[M].CambridegUniversityPress,1992:227-267.[19]　BrierleyEDR,WoodM.Heterotrophicnitrificationinanacidforestsoil:isolationandcharacterizationofanitrifyingbacterium[J].SoilBiology&Biochemistry,2001,33:1403-1409.[20]　GuptaAB.Thiosphaerapantotropha:asulfurbacteriumcapableofsimultaneousheterotrophicnitrificationandaerobicdenitrification[J].EnzymeandMicrobialTechnology,1997,21:589-595.[21]　WrageN,VelthofGL,vanBeusichemML.Roleofnitrifierdenitri-ficationintheproductionofnitrousoxide[J].SoilBiology&Bio-chemistry,2001,33:1723-1732.[22]　BockE,SchmidtI.NitrogenlosscausedbydenitrifyingNitrosomonascellsusingammoniumorhydrogenaselectrondonorsandnitriteaselectronacceptor[J].ArchMicrobiol,1995,163:16-20.[23]　,　,.[J].,2000,26(4):17-20.[24]　PatureauD,HelloinE.Combinedphosphateandnitrogenremovalinasequencingbatchreactorusingtheaerobicdenitrifier,Microvirgulaaerodenitrificans[J].WatRes,2000,35(1):189-197.[25]　ChristineHelmer,SabineKunset.Simultaneousnitrification/denitrifi-cationinanaerobicbiofilmsystem[J].WatSciTech,1998,37(4-5):183-187.[26]　VidalS,RochaC,GalvaoH.Acomparisonoforganicandinorganiccarboncontrolsoverbiologicaldenitrificationinaquaria[J].Chemo-sphere,2002,48:445-451.[27]　KoeingA,LiuLH.Autotrophicdenitrifiationoflandfillleachateus-ingelementalsulfur[J].WatSciTech,1996,34(5-