草甘膦对土壤微生物量及呼吸强度的影响

2010,19(7):168172ActaAgriculturaeBorealioccidentalisSinica*呼蕾,和文祥,高亚军(,712100):410,,,;,,pH,,,43.8219.2mg/kg58.2291.0mg/kg:;;;;;:S154.3:A:10041389(2010)07016805EffectofGlyphosateonSoilMicrobialBiomassandRespirationHULei,HEWenxiangandGAOYajun(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,NorthwestA&FUniversity,YanglingShaanxi712100,China)Abstract:Glyphosatewasoneofthewidelyusedpesticidesintheworld;itisanimportantscientificprojecttostudyitsenvironmentaltoxicity.Bysimulation,theeffectofglyphosateonmicrobialbiomassandrespirationinfourmajorsoiltypeswasstudiedinthispaper.TheresultsshowedthatglyphosateinhibitedmicrobialbiomassCandNinalkalinesoilsasawholeandactivatedmicrobialbiomassCandNinacidicsoilsinsomesense.Soilpropertieshadaconsiderableinfluenceonglyphosatetoxicity,especiallypHvalue.Glyphosatecouldactivatethesoilrespirationinsomesense,butqCO2alsoactivatedremarkably,whichwasunsuitableforthegrowthofsoilmicrobeandaffectedthesoilquality.EcologicaldoseED10andED50ofalkalinesoilsandacidicsoilswere43.8and219.2mg/kg,58.2and291.0mg/kg,respectively.Keywords:Soil;Glyphosate;Microbialbiomas;Respiration;qCO2;Ecologicaldose(C3H8NO5P),70%[1],,,[25][6],,,,,,410,,,*:20100122:20100305:()(20080302913);:,,,Email:[e-mail]:,,,,,Email:[e-mail],11.1(,HapliUsticArgosols)(,LoessiOrthicPrimosols)(,AridiSandicPrimosols)(Hapudicferrisols)10,0~5cm,5~15cm,,,1mm[8],11Table1PhysicalandchemicalpropertiesoftestedsoilSoilSamplingsiteSampleNo./%Sand/%Silt/%Clay/(g/kg)Oranicmatter.M/(g/kg)TotalN/(g/kg)TotalP/(mg/kg)AlkaliNpHCEC(cmol/L)148.0234.0017.9825.461.751.05107.608.2812.09CinnamonsoilWeinan262.7017.5419.7613.281.260.7334.708.126.25355.8024.2319.978.690.530.5043.458.436.71458.5624.7516.6810.380.780.6385.198.366.59LoessalsoilYan!an564.4216.9218.674.541.010.5551.598.4914.00674.0213.4012.5810.960.580.2878.778.142.45SandysoilYulin779.1811.129.709.200.440.2962.018.067.86879.1511.459.407.140.380.2627.168.278.29946.7617.1636.0820.021.430.66126.706.2214.48RedsoilYingtan1036.6917.4945.829.600.830.3457.385.6513.221.2(Monsanto)747.0g/kg1.3200g,(05010025050010002000mg/kg),60%,28∀7d12.5g2(4),NaOH,3~5min,25∀24hNaOH,,,200mL,50mL0.5mol#L-1K2SO4[m()∃m()=4∃1],30min(300r/min),125mL,250mL0.5mol/LK2SO4;2TOC,,CNKC(0.45)KN(0.45),CN[910][11],(mg/(g#h)31.4EXCELDPS7.05;ED10ED50(10%50%,[12])22.1BC(BiomassCarbon),[1315]2:%,,BC,,23&169&7:152.17%34.12%,BC191.7%43.7%,,,BC[1617],BC∋,910,BC2000mg/kg,123467BC56.1%60.1%22.4%77.9%93.4%81.1%,,(,BC,BC,,,,BC),910BC,2000mg/kg,19.9%24.1%,10BC[18],pH,pH,,,∗BC(2),1245BCBCBCED10ED50,BCED10ED50193.1~423.5965.7~2117.6mg/kg2Table2MicrobialbiomasscarbonoftestedsoilsSoilno/(mg/kg)Concentration05010025050010002000CorrelationcoefficientED10/(mg/kg)ED50/(mg/kg)1469461396467516180206-0.798*312.81563.92430398364404458431168-0.764*423.52117.632051281051623462691590.142--436839441317217411281.4-0.794*213.51067.4534426823617175.472.643.9-0.798*193.1965.7655.138.714316.668.5683.61-0.451--758.718.011.261.629.928.711.1-0.424--842.146.137.194.629.043.829.7-0.331--91711611871511661482050.478--1012487.997.089.51091351540.827*341.61708.0:n-2=5,r0.05=0.754,r0.01=0.874Note:Degreeoffreedomn-2=5,r0.05=0.754,r0.01=0.874.Thesamehereinafter.2.2(BN,Biomassnitrogen)[1317],3:%,BN,123BN12.121.9951.173mg/kg,∋,910,BN4567,BN,(BN(3),1578BNBNED10ED50,BNED10ED50220.81104.2mg/kg,BNED10ED50,58.2291.0mg/kg2.3[19]4:%,78,,,,,&170&19∋,,3Table3MicrobialbiomassnitrogenofglyphosatetreatedsoilsSoil/(mg/kg)Concentration05010025050010002000CorrelationcoefficientED10/(mg/kg)ED50/(mg/kg)112.1211.579.49211.3710.5512.064.557-0.787*409.12045.621.9952.2942.2901.2601.9892.0911.437-0.468--31.1731.3561.0062.0642.2282.131----41.3964.7184.0344.2833.8421.9950.773-0.667--51.1632.2662.3482.8981.8260.7880.255-0.764*220.81104.261.5442.0342.8922.9571.8791.9241.569-0.440--71.4572.2362.2452.0971.7841.9800.577-0.778*333.21665.880.7060.6970.8100.7180.8050.7750.400-0.756*533.12665.392.5423.7838.0448.3598.8707.8487.1510.345--101.1342.7439.1765.0533.97314.2215.320.833*58.2291.04Table4Soilrespirationinthesoilstreatedbydifferentconcentrationsofglyphosatemg/(g#h)/(mg/kg)GlyphosateconcentrationSoil12345678910034.4255.618.6170.8828.7071.6484.9974.5764.3834.425026.0261.8616.3975.6129.7072.4183.1269.2476.8826.0210031.6065.6620.4171.9266.4976.7778.6875.5879.8331.6025038.8155.8625.1569.2869.2872.7175.2176.5471.2438.8150031.5464.9922.9384.1859.0473.3271.7372.1187.4431.54100029.4863.2020.0579.88--75.7777.1363.8686.6929.48200033.9262.5321.6582.0551.4378.6066.7650.6389.1633.925Table5EffectofdifferentglyphosateconcentrationonqCO2mg/g/(mg/kg)GlyphosateconcentrationSoil12345678910073.4129.342.0192.683.41300.21447.91771.3376.5277.65056.4155.4128.0191.9110.81871.14617.81502.0477.5296.010079.8180.4194.4174.1281.7536.97025.02037.2426.9325.825083.1138.3155.2402.8405.14380.11220.9809.1471.8433.650061.1141.966.3483.8783.01070.42399.02486.6526.7289.41000163.8146.674.5713.2--1114.32687.51458.0585.7218.42000164.7372.2136.21008.01171.521772.96014.41704.7434.9220.3Correlationcoefficient0.865*0.850*0.976**0.991**ED10119.8123.