城市节制用水的理论与方法张杰

张　杰,李碧清(哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院,哈尔滨　150090)　　:,、、,,,、、、、,。:;;:X37　　:A　　:1002-1264(2003)04-0001-03TheoriesandMethodsofCityWaterConservationZHANGJie,LIBi-qing(SchoolofMunicipal&EnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin　150090,China)Abstract:BasedontheanalysisofwaterpollutioninChina,systemtheory,waterpinchtechnology,waterequilibriumgaugeandwaterpricingweresummedup.Thepracticeandexperienceathomeandabroadaswellasthemeasuresofcitywaterconservationwerediscussed.Itispointedoutthatadvancedtreatmentofwastewateranditsreuse,clean-erproduction,utilizationofrainwaterandseawater,developingwatersavingagriculture,improvingwaterconservationefficiencyofbuildingsaretheusefulapproachesinpromotingcitywaterenvironmentrestoration.Theresearchdirec-tionofwaterconservationwasgiven.Keywords:waterpollution;　waterconservation;　theoryandmethod　　。,2340m3,。《21》,2030,400～500m3。、。14%。《》(GB3838-88),IV～V45%。。,[1]。,。,、。1　1.1　,。,,,,。:■HM=Mn(Hn/Mn-H0/M0)=Mn(hn-h0):■HM;M;H0,Hn;h0,hn,m3/。,[2]。1.2　,,。L.ZbontarandP.Glavic,[3]。,,、、、。,,M,C,,,,,1。116420038URBANENVIRONMENT&URBANECOLOGYVol16,No.4Aug.　2003　:2003-03-03,,,[4]。pH、、。,。1　1.3　[5]。:,,、、、,,,,、。1.4　。。、。。,,,,,,。2　2.1　、、、。,。1992,—,,[6]。1×104m3/d,2000m3/d。,。,-、。,,,、、、、。,。,,,。,。BOD、COD、TSS、TN、TP、、,、、、。。,,。,、1940。,[7]。,204070%(10m3)[8]。,,,[9]。,,,。,。,,,,。2.2　、。,;,;。45%,。、200070%。,19911.5Mm3[10]。,,[11]。。2.3　、,2　　　164　2003,,,,,、[12]。、、、、、、,。,,、、。2.4　、,,、、、,,,,,45%[12]。,,[13]。[14]。。,,,。,。、,19981.852Mm3,[15]。2.5　70%,。、,,,,。,。2.6　。8L6L,8.7m3,,20007.1m3。3　3.1　、、、、、,,。3.2　、,,、、、,,,。3.3　、、21,、、。。[1]　.1999[J].,2000,(7):3-9.[2]　.-[J].,1996,16(1):72-79.[3]　L.Zbontar,P.Glavic.Totalsite:wastewaterminimization,Wastewa-terreuseandregenerationreuse[J].Resources,ConservationandRecycling,2000,30(4):261-275.[4]　,,,.-[J].,2000,(12):13-15.[5]　,.[M].:,2000.80-84.[6]　,,.[J].,1997,13(3):19-21.[7]　A.N.Angelakis,M.H.F.MarecosDoMonte,L.Bontoux,T.Asano.TheStatusofWastewaterReusePracticeintheMediter-raneanBasin:NeedForGuidelines[J].WaterResearch,1999,33(10):2201-2217.[8]　NavaHaruvy.Wastewaterreuse-regionalandeconomicconsidera-tions[J].Resources,ConservationandRecycling,1998,23(1-2):57-66.[9]　GhulamHussain,AdnanJ.AL-Saati.WastewaterqualityanditsreuseinagricultureinSaudiArabia[J].Desalination,1999,123(2-3):241-251.[10]　ChristopherP.Holt,PaulS.Phillips,MargaretP.Bates.AnalysisofwasteminimizationclubsinreducingindustrialwaterdemandintheUK[J].Resources,ConservationandRecycling,2000,30(4):315-331.[11]　VenkatesanNarayanaswamy,J.AshleyScott.LessonsfromcleanerproductionexperiencesinIndianhosieryclusters[J].JournalofCleanerProduction,2001,9(4):325-340.[12]　.[J].,2001,3(10):33-35.[13]　PeterJ.Coombes,JohnR.Argue,GeorgeKuczera.FigtreePlace:acasestudyinwatersensitiveurbandevelopment[J].UrbanWater,1999,1(4):335-343.[14]　M.Zaizen,T.Urakawa,Y.Matsumoto,H.Tkai.ThecollectionofrainwaterfromdomestadiumsinJapan[J].UrbanWater,1999,1(4):355-359.[15]　WaleedK.AL-Zubri.Towardstheestablishmentofatotalwatercyclemanagementandre-useprogramintheGCCcountries[J].Desalination,1998,120(1-2):3-14.:(1938-),,,,,。3　,