持久性有机污染物对鱼类生态毒性研究进展穆希岩

穆希岩1，罗建波1，黄瑛1，雷云雷1，冯庚菲1，李绪兴1，沈公铭1，邱静2，李应仁1*1．1001412．100081持久性有机污染物(POPs)具有高毒、持久、生物积累、迁移等特性，严重威胁环境生物和人类健康。水体是持久性有机污染物在环境中迁移转化的重要介质。POPs长期存在于水体中，对不同种类水生生物的生长、发育及生殖产生影响。鱼类作为水生态系统中最主要的脊椎动物，有极其重要的环境指示作用。结合近年来国内外的研究，从急性毒性、发育毒性、神经和行为毒性、内分泌干扰作用等方面对POPs对鱼类的生态毒性进行了综述，为揭示持久性有机污染物的生态毒理效应提供理论依据。持久性有机污染物;鱼类;生态毒性S851．34+7A0517－6611(2015)33－125－08ＲesearchProgressoftheEco-toxicityEffectofPersistentOrganicPollutantstoFishMUXi-yan，LUOJian-bo，HUANGYing，LIYing-ren*etal(FisheryＲesourceandEnvironmentＲesearchCenter，ChineseAcademyofFisherySciences，Beijing100141)AbstractPersistentorganicpollutants(POPs)thathavefourcharacteristicsincludingpersistent，hightoxicity，biologicalaccumulativeandmigrative，arethreattothehealthofhumanandenvironmentalanimals．WaterbodyisanimportantmediumforthetransformationofPOPsintheenvironment．Inwaterbody，POPscanaffectthegrowth，developmentandreproductionofaquaticorganismsthroughmigration，adsorp-tion，sedimentationandfoodchain．Fisharethemainaquaticvertebratesandisalsoaveryimportantindicatorofwaterenvironment．Thispa-perisareviewoftherecenteco-toxicologyresearchofPOPs，includingacutetoxicity，developmentaltoxicity，nervoussystemandbehavioraleffectaswellasendocrinealteration．Thisworkcanprovidetheoreticalevidenceforrevealingtheeco-toxiceffectofPOPsandthesafetyas-sessmentofaquaticecosystem．KeywordsPersistentorganicpollutants;Fish;Eco-toxicity穆希岩(1987－)，男，北京人，助理研究员，博士，从事环境毒理方面的研究。*通讯作者，研究员，从事渔业生态环境研究。2015-10-20PersistentorganicpollutantsPOPs、。POPs4、、1。、、、、、、POPs2。POPs3。POPs、、、4－5。。、、、POPs。1POPs20015《POPs》12POPsDirtydozen9、、、DDT、、、、、、PCBsPCDDsPCDFs。20099POPsPFOS、、4、、α-β-、PB-DEs、。POPsPOPs、PAHs。2POPs≤96h。OECD96h696h7EPA－8。LC50LD50ProbitSpearman-Karber。。2．1。POPs1。、、α-β-96hLC501～100μg/L。《》－“”996hLC50、、、DDT、JournalofAnhuiAgri．Sci．20154333125－132陈玉敏李岩DOI:10.13989/j.cnki.0517-6611.2015.33.043、、、OncorhynchusmykissIctaluruspunc-tatusPimephalespromelasα-CyprinuscarpioCarassiusauratusβ-DaniorerioPoeciliareticulata。1POPsPimephalespromelas96hLC508．2μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC502．6～14．3μg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus96hLC5053μg/L10Micropterussalmoides96hLC505μg/L10Carassiusauratus96hLC501．6μg/L10Micropterussalmoides96hLC503．5μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC503．8μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC501．2～2．3μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC501．8μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC500．74～2．40μg/L10Carassiusauratus96hLC500．44μg/L10Micropterussalmoides96hLC500．31μg/L10DDTPimephalespromelas96hLC5012．4μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC504．1～11．4μg/L10Carassiusauratus96hLC5014．7μg/L10Oryziaslatipes96hLC5031．6μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC5052μg/L11Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC5020μg/L10、44μg/L11Micropterussalmoides96hLC5012～140μg/L10Oncorhynchusclarkii96hLC5023μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC507μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC5023μg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus96hLC5025μg/L10Ameiurusmelas96hLC5063μg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus24hLC5020mg/L12Gambusiaaffinis96hLC50＞20mg/L12Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC50＞100mg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus96hLC5013．5mg/L10Micropterussalmoides96hLC5012mg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC502．3mg/L13Pimephalespromelas96hLC50＞10mg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC505．6～7．2μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC502．7～12．0μg/L10Carassiusauratus96hLC5014μg/L10Cyprinuscarpio96hLC503．7μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC50340μg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus96hLC50340μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC5029μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC5018～41μg/L10Micropterussalmoides96hLC5032μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC5077μg/L10Cyprinuscarpio96hLC5090μg/L10Ictaluruspunctatus96hLC501．5μg/L10Lepomismacrochirus96hLC501．2μg/L10Pimephalespromelas96hLC501．5μg/L10Oncorhynchusmykiss96hLC501．1～2．9μg/L10α-Cyprinuscarpio48hLC50950μg/L14Carassiusauratus48hLC50120μg/L14β-Daniorerio96hLC501520μg/L15Poeciliareticulata96hLC501660μg/L152．2PCBsPCBsArochlorXPCB。PCBsArochlor-124896hLC50295．15μg/L16Aroclor-1254120hLC50142μg/L10Arochlor-1016Aro-chlor-124217。Arochlor-1260、Arochlor-1262Arochlor-1268310。PCB-126296hLD5029．7ng/g219．8ng/g173dLC500．25μg/L18。2．3621安徽农业科学20152378TCDD150hLC501．65μg/L1972hLC500．013μg/L2024hLC504．37pg/L21。2378-TCDF72hLC500．016μg/L20168hLD508．086ng/g2223478PeCDF168LD500．7ng/g22。2．4PFOS。PFOS48hLC50120hLC50682．2mg/L23－24。PFOS-KHagenaars25PFOS-K96hLC5058．5mg/L。26PFOS-K96hLC504．7mg/L。2．5BDE-47Takifuguru-bripes、96hLC509．44mg/L、2．75mg/L5．37mg/L27－29。BDE-99、BDE-28BDE-100168hLC505．2mg/L、3．6mg/L8．4mg/L30。2．696hLC501730μg/L6140μg/L1096hLC50760μg/L。1024hLC500．81μg/L21。3POPs。、。NagelLethal、SublethalTeratogenic。、、、、31。POPsPOPs。3．1POPs32－33。。、。16μg/LPCB-12696hpfPCB-126128μg/L34。4．5mg/LBDE-28278μmol/L3．9mg/LBDE-496dpf。PCBsPBDEsTCDD。50ng/L0．2μg/LTCDDOryziaslatipes35－360．22μg/LTCDD50%Carassiusauratus19。10ng/LTCDD371μg/LTC-DD38。TCDD1ng/LTCDD14d39。PFOS、PFOS-K2437。3．2POPs。5mg/L24～48hpf400．1mg/LSparusaurata41。POPs28、4749。2．25mg/LBDE-28BDE-472632μmol/LBDE-4942。Arochlor-1254TCDD0．25mg/L50.00ng/L43－44。3．3POPsPOPs。125ng/gPCB-7716dFundulusheteroclitus31%45。25005000pg/gPCB-12622%68%、46。Arochlor-1254、Arochlor-12540．25mg/L43。TCDDAcipenserbrevirostumAcipenseroxyrinchus0．1μg/L1μg/L47。TCDDPagrusma-jor48。72143卷33期穆希岩等持久性有机污染物对鱼类生态毒性研究进展3．4POPs49。POPs。BDE-47EC5020.3mg/L30。5mg/LPFOS-K26