洱海沉水植物空间分布及生物量估算

27120141ＲesearchofEnvironmentalSciencesVol．27No．1Jan．2014．J．20142711-5．CHUZhaoshengYEBibiTIANGuipingetal．SpatialdistributioncharacteristicsandestimationofsubmergedplantbiomassinLakeErhaiJ．ＲesearchofEnvironmentalSciences20142711-5．收稿日期:2013－03－01修订日期:2013－10－30基金项目:2008ZX07105－004作者简介:[e-mail]．洱海沉水植物空间分布及生物量估算112111．1000122．300450摘要:20098—9ＲTK－GPS．19.40km27.7%、、25.1%、7.4%、41.0%26.5%．1959.0～1965.0m4.9m6.2m．2.0～3.0m．5.2m5.0m4.8m4.6m399.2m＞213.6m＞175.0m＞86.4m．8—91.60×105t．关键词:中图分类号:X171文章编号:1001－6929201401－0001－05文献标志码:ADOI10.13198j．issn1001-6929．2014．01．01SpatialDistributionCharacteristicsandEstimationofSubmergedPlantBiomassinLakeErhaiCHUZhao-sheng1YEBi-bi1TIANGui-ping2PANGYan1HUXiao-zhen11．StateEnvironmentalProtectionKeyLaboratoryforLakePollutionControlＲesearchCenterofLakeEco-environmentChineseＲesearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesBeijing100012China2．TianjinPortandWaterwayProspectionandDesignＲesearchInstituteCo．Ltd．Tianjin300450ChinaAbstractInordertostudycharacteristicsandthetotalbiomassofthespatialdistributionofsubmergedplantsinLakeErhaitheareaofsubmergedplantsweresurveyedbytheultrasonicdepthfindercombinedwithＲTK-GPSandtheaveragebiomassweresurveyedondifferentbasement．Theresultsshowedthattheareaofsubmergedplantswas19.40km2accountingfor7.7%ofthewholeareaofthelake．Thesubmergedplantareadistributedintheeastthesouththewestandthenorthaccountedfor25.1%7.4%41.0%and26.5%ofthetotalarearespectively．Thespreadbasementsofthesubmergedplantsrangedfrom1959.0mto1965.0mwhilethehighestbiomassrangedfrom2.0to3.0mindepth．Themaximumandtheaveragedepthofsubmergedplantswere6.2and4.9mrespectively．Theaveragevalueofthemaximumdistributiondepthinthenorthwasthegreatestfollowedbythewestandthesouthwhilethatintheeastwastheleastamongtheinvestigatedsitesatthefourdirections．Meanwhilethedecreasingorderofdistributionwidthwasthenorththesouththewestandtheeast．ThebiomassofsubmergedplantsreacheditsmaximumvaluefromAugusttoSeptemberandthetotalbiomassofwholelakewasabout1.60×105t．KeywordsLakeErhaisubmergedplantsdistributioncharacteristicsbiomass、、．、1-2、3-67278-11．．．2070100%20901.8%12205020101.54%1320602070“”14．209040%2003．．．．1材料与方法1.120098—9ES3－MLedyneOdomGX1230ＲTK－GPS．．、、、41．1.2312、．20099—201081～21．1966m1.0m10.15m2．5．、“×”．one-wayANOVA．图1沉水植物分布区及生物量季节变化研究区Fig.1Thespatialdistributionandtheresearchareaofseasonalbiomassvariationforsubmergedplants2结果2.119.40km27.7%1．、、25.1%、7.4%、41.0%26.5%．4.46km223.0%．1.09km25.6%．221．4.9m6.2m．4.0～5.0m5.0～6.0m．4.6m5.0m5.2mP＜0.054.8mP＞0.05．399.2m＞213.6m175.0m＞86.4mP＞0.05．图2不同区域沉水植物分布区的最深分布线水深及平均宽度Fig.2Theaveragemaximumdepthandwidthofsubmergedplantsdistributionindifferentarea2.2、、3.3．3—6＞1963.0～1964.0m7＞1962.0～1963.0m1．2.0～3.0m．10.54kgm284.15kgm2．、＞1962.0～1963.0m21.3kgm24．．2.38．－1—2009－092—2009－113—2009－124—2010－015—2010－036—2010－047—2010－068—2010－079—2010－08．图3一般湖滨区不同基底高程上沉水植物生物量的季节变化Fig.3Theseasonalvariationofsubmergedplantsbiomassondifferentbasementinthegenerallakeshoreregion图4北区大湖湾不同基底高程上沉水植物生物量的变化Fig.4Thevariationofsubmergedplantsbiomassondifferentbasementinthebayfront“×”、31.01×105t0.59×105t1.60×105t．3讨论．3—6＞1963.0～1964.0m7—1＞1962.0～1963.0m8．32715-17．1—661964.3m7101966.0m．、7＞1962.0～1963.0m811．．4.04°0.32°．＞2.0m18．．．．“”＞1963.0～1965.0m“”、．6.2m7.7%1.60×105t．2003．2050419-23①2050—80．19573m2419776～7m25198310m26．27．②2080—2003．19989m28．③2003．2003．．209029．④2003200430208020%．4结论a19.40km2、、25.1%、7.4%、41.0%26.5%．、328.6%．b1959.0～1965.0m6.24.9m2.0～3.0m＞＞．c8—91.60×105t、362.8%37.2%．参考文献(Ｒeferences):1．N、PJ．2003273232-237．2．－J．2006255533-538．3．J．201026449-53．414STEPHENDMOSSBPHILLIPSG．DorootedmacrophytesincreasesedimentphosphorusreleaseJ．Hydrobiologia199734234327-34．5HOＲPPILAJNUＲMINENL．EffectsofdifferentmacrophytegrowthformsonsedimentandPresuspensioninashallowlakeJ．Hydrobiologia20055451167-175．6HAVENSKEHAＲWELLMCBＲADYMAetal．Large-scalemappingandpredictivemodelingofsubmergedaquaticvegetationinashalloweutrophiclakeJ．TheScientificWorldJournal20022949-965．7．3J．20092646-50．8．4J．2011202345-352．9．J．201132632-36．10HOEPEＲHMEIJEＲML．Biomanipulationwillitworkforyourlakeasimpletestfortheassessmentofchancesforclearwaterfollowingdrasticfish-stockreductioninshalloweutrophiclakesJ．EcologicalEngineering19932163-72．11DIEＲBEＲGFEDEBUSKTAJACKSONSDetal．Submergedaquaticvegetation-basedtreatmentwetlandsforremovingphosphorusfromagriculturalrunoffresponsetohydraulicandnutrientloadingJ．WaterＲes20023621409-1422．12．J．200012173-79．13．2010J．2011233409-416．14．D．200612-16．15ISTVNOVICSVHONTIMKOVCSetal．DistributionofsubmergedmacrophytesalongenvironmentalgradientsinlargeshallowLakeBalatonHungaryJ．AquaticBotany2008884317-330．16VISCHUDONCCAＲIGNANＲ．AnevaluationofapproachesusedtodeterminethedistributionandbiomassofemergentandsubmergedaquaticmacrophytesoverlargespatialscalesJ．AquaticBotany2003773187-201．17MAＲonghuaDUANHongtaoGUXiaohongetal．DetectingaquaticvegetationchangesinTaihuLakeChinausingmulti-temporalsatelliteimageryJ．Sensors2008863988-4005．18．J．2008215178-183．19．C．．1989235-243．20．C．．198945-67．21．J．1996515-19．22．J．199911367-273．23．C．．2003121-128．24．J．1