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:1007-8924(2003)04-0241-06反渗透、纳滤膜及其在水处理中的应用张 烽 徐 平(, 100022) :对反渗透和纳滤膜元件在国内外的发展过程,应用领域和应用现状进行了综述,认为反渗透和纳滤膜应用在全国乃至全世界均处于高速成长期,具有广泛的应用前景.但同时指出应及时总结目前的应用情况,开发潜在的应用领域,加强技术的国产化,确保该技术的良性高速发展.:反渗透;纳滤;水处理;膜技术:TQ028.8 :A1 反渗透及其发展,30.,20.11.,,、.,.1953,Reid,1960LoebSourirajan.,..(),(),()().80,..、、,、.,..、.28.8t,,,17.1t.,15.1t.2 国内反渗透膜及其应用60,,,,,.,、,70,.、、,,,.70,、,80,90,.10.:2003-07-28: (1964-),,,,,:010-85803253.23 4 Vo1.23 No.420038MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYAug.2003DOI:10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2003.04.045表1 主要膜分离过程 、、、、、 、 、 、、、、、、、、、BOD、COD 、、、、、、BOD、COD、、、、1 ,20024~5.,.,.2.1 ,100t/h,,.,、、、、.1800t/h.、,100t/h50.2.2 、,1000~10000t/h,、.,. ·242 · 23 2.3 ,、,、,,.2.4 、、,,,.3 国外反渗透及其应用,,、.1996ES20,0.75MPa99.7%,0.8t/(m2·d).1997LF10.,,.3.1 ,(Dupont)(Toyobo).7.1)Hydranautics,1987;2)(NittoDenko);3)Filmtec,1985DowChemical();4)FluidSystems,KOCH;5)(Toray);6)Desal,GE/Os-monics;7)Trisep.,19962.3,Hydranautics/NittoDenko35%,Dow/Filmtec26%,61%.、;、;、;、、,.3.2 、,.19969,.5021179.140t/d,:()47%、31%、13%、8%.,,1992~19964,500%,.,(THMFP)、、、,..2,、.表2 美国大型水厂各种脱盐方法的经济比较()11.52.44.16()11.01.27.294 纳滤膜及应用4.1 (NF)(LooseRO),80(RO).,,:1)NFROUF,NaCl 4 :、·243 · 90%,RO,NF;2)NF1(nm),100~1000,、、、、,,Ca、Mg...NTR-7450.,34,.表3 日本生产的纳滤膜及其溶质脱除率(NittoDenko)(Toray)NTR-SU-SC-729HF7250725HF74507410600500200SL200R*PVAPVAPVASPSSPSPAPAPACA/% NaCl58926040511563976585 MgCl294905735134469599.493 MgSO412099999032999.29999.799 Na2SO4142999995925599.69999.798 NH4NO3808339——————— SiO260704013——3085—40 4625267——10—810 60704322——35—1730 180979489——95.4998599 342999894365999999998040/(m3·d-1)3660755210018204025 /%0.150.20.20.120.20.10.050.10.15 /MPa1.02.01.01.01.00.41.50.81.5 pH6.56.56.56.56.56.56.56.56.5 /℃252525252525252525 /MPa3.03.03.03.03.04.24.24.23.0 **/℃40(90)40(90)4040(90)40(90)45454535 pH2~82~82~82~112~112~92~112~114~7 *、**4.4.2 4.2.1 、.100t/d,,15.1t/d(2002).HydranauticsESNA1-LF.FilmtecNF-70/.4.2.2 、、,.,””.、.(NF)(UF),.,.、.1991~1996 ·244 · 23 表4 美国生产的纳滤膜及其溶质脱降率HydranauticsFilmtec(Dow)DesalTrisepFluidsystemESNAPVD1ESNA1-LFNF-907045Desal-5K5L11TS-80A-15TFC-S*APAPVAAPAAPAAPAPAPAPAPAPAPAPA/% NaCl58809280907550501599.3859885 MgCl294—90——7083———9398.595 MgSO41209599959597.597.5989699.89898.5— Na2SO4140—99—————————— NH4NO380—83———————7592— SiO260—70——————98.58696— 46—25—————————— 60—70—————————— 180—97——98—9898—9899.8— 342—99——99————9999.9—8040/(m3·d-1)37.94228394528303934303635 /%0.050.150.050.20.20.20.10.10.10.20.20.05 /MPa0.51.00.50.50.50.90.70.71.40.71.60.6 pH6.56.56.5——————8.08.07.5 /℃252525252525252525252525 /MPa4.12.84.11.71.74.24.24.24.21.44.22.4 **/℃4540(90)4535354550(90)50(90)50(90)454545 pH3~102~83~103~93~93~104~114~112~114~114~114~11 *,APA:;PA:;PVA:;SPS:;CA:;**,.“MAC21”(MembraneAquaCentury21)./,,.,THM()、、、、、、、、.4.2.3 、(、、),,.,.,().4.2.4 、、,、、、、、、.4.2.5 、,.5 结论,,,.,,,,.(254) 4 :、·245 · 5.5 SeawaterROpre-treatmentReplacingconventionalpre-treatmentprocess-es,suchasflocculation,sedimentationandmultime-diafiltrationbyUFprovidesahighqualityfeedwatertoNFandRO.FoulingproblemsonthespiralwoundROelements,stillcommononmostseawaterROplantsinspiteofextensiveconventionalpre-treat-ment,aresolved,sincethemembranepre-treat-mentstepprovidesaconstantqualityfeedwaterwithverylowSDItotheRO,sothatROmembranelife-timeandoverallefficiencyareimprovedsignificantly Fig.13 Pre-treatmentROandNF(Fig.13).NORITUFtechnologyhasproventobethetechnicallyfeasibleandeconomicallyviablesolu-tionforcapacitiesalreadyrangingfrom50toseveralthousandsm3/h.6 ConclusionsSemidead-endultrafiltrationhasawiderangeofapplications,someofthemsmall,others,suchastheonesmentionedhere,largescale.Theavailabilityofpotablewaterhasbeen,stillisandwillbeacrucialpieceofeverydaylife.Developingtechnologiestoen-sureitsavailabilityforallpeopleinthedecadestocomeistheonlywaytomaintainandexpandworldwideahighstandardofliving.TheNORITUFXIGATMpressurizedsystemhasproventobeaneconomicallyviablesolutionforthistask.超滤技术用于饮用水、工业用水及废水处理HarryFutselaar,HenkSchonewille,HarryvanDalfsen,申 蕾(, 100004) :在世界范围内,膜技术越来越多地用于满足高质量供水的需求.由于饮用水中难以杀灭的,而又致命的细菌的历史性的爆发,人们发现膜可以作为去除这些细菌和病毒的安全屏障,从而被广泛用于引用水生产和供应.在废水处理领域,膜可以用于分离废水中的悬浮颗粒和物质,通过膜技术深度处理后的水可以回用.文章对超滤膜在饮用水、工业用水及废水回用方面的应用情况进行了综述.:超滤;毛细管膜;饮用水;工业用水;废水(245)Reverseosmosis&nanofiltrationmembranetechnologyandtheirapplicationinwatertreatmentindustryZhangFeng,XuPing(HydranauticsBeijingOffice,Beijing100022,China)Abstract:Theupdateddevelopment,applicationforreverseosmosis(RO)andnanofiltration(NF)membranehavesummarized.Thesetwokindsoftechnologyisdevelopingveryfastandhassuccessfullybeenusedwidely.Theirmarketpotentialisveryinteresting,inordertofurtherdevelopment,itisnecessarytosummarizepresentRO/NFapplicationexperience,searchingfornewmarketandfocusingonlocalizingofRO/NFproducts.Keywords:reverseosmosis;nanofiltration;watertreatment;membranetechnology ·254 · 23
本文标题:反渗透纳滤膜及其在水处理中的应用张烽
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