反渗透系统的性能变化分析及量化评价方法杨昆

:1007-8924(2005)05-0054-05反渗透系统的性能变化分析及量化评价方法杨　昆　郭　嘉　王宇彤(,101318)　:如何对反渗透系统运行的综合性能进行评价,在实践中往往由于影响的因素多种多样,而且环境条件也发生变化,掌握运用其实并不是容易的.针对具体工程情况,在参考有关文献的基础上,提出了运行指标归一化处理的概念和计算方法.实践证明:这种方法是一反渗透系统进行更加科学管理的手段和量化方法.并还对反渗透系统运行中产水量和脱盐性能的变化进行了分析,列举了可能的各种原因;对影响膜组件的污染因素进行了说明,并提出膜组件污染现象和清洗方法.:反渗透;归一化;污染;分析;清洗:TQ028.8　　:A1　反渗透技术的应用状况,,1995,、,,、.、、、、、、、/.、,、、,10,.,.,,,.,200m3/h.2000750m3/h,2002(1100m3/h),(1700m3/h),..,、,,,.2　反渗透系统运行指标下降成因,,,,,,.、、、,,.2.1　,,,:2004-12-27;:2005-03-11:　(1968-),,,,.:010-80492882,E-mail:[e-mail]25　5　　　　　Vol.25　No.5200510MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOct.2005DOI:10.16159/j.cnki.issn1007-8924.2005.05.012,O,、、、,.,,;,:1),(pH),(),,;2),.,,,,.,,,,,,,.2.2　,、、.1.,(CA),,CA,,,,CA,NaClO,CARO,,CA.1　Fig.1　ThecutawayviewofROfilterTFC.(PS)0.2μm(CPA).、、,CA.RO,TFC,(Cl20.1mg/L),TFC.,,,,、、,RORO,,RO(),RO.2.3　,,,.2.,,,,,.,,Beta,Beta,Beta1.2.C′0—;C′b—;C′w—2　Fig.2　Schematicofconcentrationpalorization,(H2SO4)、、,.,,,,,　5　:·55　　　·　Beta,,..,:、、,,,,PWT,.2.4　RO,,,SiO2,(H2SiO3),,(25℃1×10-11),,Si(OH)4,,SiO2,H2SiO4,,H+,:[m(SiO2)·nSiO3-2·2(n-x)H+]-2x2xH+,,,,,,.(),.;,,.(Colloidalfouling):SiO2,(),,.3　反渗透系统性能下降的量化评价方法　　,,,、,.,,,(normalization).DOW,,.3,::(,):20℃;:1.0MPa;Δp=0.2MPa;:3.0m3/h;:2m3/h;TDS:165mg/L;TDS:3mg/L.::19℃;:1.9MPa;:0.3MPa;:1.4m3/h;:2.5m3/h;TDS:166mg/L;TDS:254mg/L;TDS:13mg/L;TDS:7mg/L;TDS:21mg/L;SDI(5min,0.2MPa,500mL):SDI2.7.3.1　0.05MPa.π.:C(0),mg/L;C(),mg/L;(0)().3.2　T0=exp{3480×[1/298-1/(273+t)]},t.T()=exp[3480×(3.356×10-3-3.413×10-3)]=0.8201　　(t=20℃)T()=exp[3480×(3.356×10-3-3.425×10-3)]=0.7865　　(t=19℃).3.3　CC=C×Ln1/(1-Y)(1-Y),C,mg/L;Y.C(0)=166×Ln1/(1-0.6)(1-0.6)=252mg/L　C()=166×Ln1/(1-0.36)(1-0.36)=205.8mg/L3.4　π(MPa)π=C×(t+320)/4.91×106π(0)=252×(20+320)/4.91×106=0.0175(0.175bar)　·56　　　·　　　　　25　π()=205.8×(19+320)/4.91×106=0.0142MPa(0.142bar)3.5　Q(m3/h)Q={P(0)-ΔP(0)/2-P(0)-π(0)}{P()-ΔP()/2-P()-π()}×T(0)T()×Q()　Q={10-2/2-0.5-0.175}{19-3/2-0.5-0.142}×0.82010.7865×1.4=0.72m3/h,3m3/h0.72m3/h,76%.3.6　(TDS)TDS()=TDS()×{P(0)-ΔP(0)/2-P(0)-π(0)}{P()-ΔP()/2-P()-π()}×T(0)T(),.TDS()=13×0.8325/1.6858×252/205.8=7.9mg/L,3mg/L7.9mg/L,163%.4　反渗透膜组件污染性能表征和清洗方法　　、,1.表1　污染物类型和形成原因、表征和清洗方法Table1　Foulingtypes,foulingmechanism&characteristicsandandcleaningRO/,,:CaCO3,CaSO4·H2O,BaCO3,SrSO4,SiO2;;ΔpΔp.;mg/L;;/,SiO2·nH2O;Fe(OH)3,FeSiO3;Al(OH)3;;,;;;;,.,、、、;;,;,:,,,、、;,;[1]　.[J].,1996,15(3):25-28.[2].[J].,2000,19(1):30-33.[3]McloneKJ,DartonEG.Factorsaffectingthedesignofapre-treatmentsystemfora1200m3/dROPlantinRiyadh,SaudiArabiawithaniron-rich[J].Desalina-tion,1994,(96):397-408.[4]　,,　.[J].,1990,10(4):45-48.[5]　.[J].,1997,17(2):5-14.[6].、[J].,1992,12(3):15-18.[7].[J].,2000,26(5):5-8.[8],　.、[J].,2002,22(10),16-19.[9]BukayM,BerneW.ROtroubleshooting,Parts1-5[J].　5　:·57　　　·　UltrapureWater,1986,3(2,3,4)56-59.[10]McPhersonHE,BanadosVH,KruegerE.Thecontroloffoulinginreverseosmosissystem:Twocasehistories[A].PaperpresentattheTenthAnnualConferenceWa-terSupplyImprovementAssociation[C].Honolulu:1982.7.25-29.AnalysisandestimationfortherunofROsystemYANGKun,GUOJia,WANGYutong(BluestarWaterTreatmentTechnologyCo.,Ltd.,Beijing101318)Abstract:TheevaluationofthegeneralefficiencyofROsystemisnoteasy,becausetherearemanyeffectingfactors,especiallyunderdifferentenvironmentalconditions.Byreferringtosomereferences.Thispaperprovidesaconceptofnormalization,andacalculationmethodtodealwiththedata.ThepaperanalysesthereasonsofthedegressiveperformanceofROequipment,andexplainthereasonsoffoulingofROfilter,meantimelistthephe-nomenonsofthefouledfilterandproposesaconditionsofcleaningmethod.Keywords:reverseosmosis;normalization;fouling;analysis;cleaning(53)[11],,,.[J].,2001(1):71-77.[12],,,.[J].(),2003(3):49-53.EffectofbiomassonthepervaporationperformanceofcompositesiliconerubbermembraneZHONGYuehua,XIAOZeyi,HUANGWeixing,WUYong(SchoolofChemicalEngineering,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610065,China)Abstract:Theeffectsofyeastbiomassonthepervaporationperformanceofcompositesiliconerubbermembranewerestudiedbyusingmodelethanolsolutionwithorwithoutdryyeastbiomassandtherealfermentationbroth.Comparedwiththemodelethanolsolutionwithoutyeastcells,thesolutionwithdryyeastcellandtherealfer-mentationbrothcontainingactivecellsgavehigherpervaporationperformance,whichshowsthatthepresenceofbiomasscausedtheincreaseoftheratesofmasstransferthroughthemembrane.Duringthecontinuousfermen-tationwiththecellconcentrationof10g/L,theeffectiveremovalofinhibitoryproductbythemembraneresult-edinalong-termstableseparationperformance,thecellsdepositedonthemembranesurfaceenhancedthese-lectivemasstransportbehaviorsthroughthemembrane.However,itwasobservedthatmoreenrichedbiomassconcentrationinbroth,e.g.,15g/L,causedaquickdecreaseinmembraneperformance.Thisresultindicatesthatthereisanoptimal-matchrelationshipamongthecellconcentrationinbroth,thecellfilmonthemem-branesurfaceandthemembraneperformance.Keywords:compositesiliconerubbermembrane;pervaporation;ethanolfermentation;biomass　·58　　　·　　　　　25