管道分质直饮水的经济和社会效益分析

甘日华1,张永慧2,叶兵1,黄丽玫3,林英钊3,邹丹玲3,李海波4了解管道分质直饮水的经济和社会效益2004年3-4月在广州深圳珠海东莞进行了管道分质直饮水与自来水的水质检测,检测项目为电导率总有机碳耗氧量;在2004年7-10月选取了广州市的10个直饮水单位对其已使用直饮水的用户进行问卷调查,调查内容涉及对直饮水经济和社会效益分析等46个问题;并且对深圳某公司5个小区的管道直饮水系统在2005-2007年运营期间的经济收支情况进行回顾性调查共调查2004户管道直饮水用户,被访者认为管道直饮水存在二次污染的占27%,不了解直饮水者占481%,392%150%被访者分别认为水的质量水的价格影响选择使用管道直饮水系统,调查用户中492%的用户已选择管道直饮水为主饮用水,对直饮水系统满意度总体评价非常好和比较好的占445%水质检测结果显示自来水经过净化处理成直饮水后,总有机碳电导率及耗氧量明显降低,去除率分别为897%903%,760%182%的用户希望设立24h饮用水咨询热线,295%的用户希望饮水机定期清洗消毒,128%的用户希望在小区内讲解有关饮用水卫生知识,254%的用户希望定期寄送权威部门的水质检查报告被访者使用管道直饮水平均每户每月支出3223元(直饮水的消费仅占家庭总收入支出的06%),5个小区的管道直饮水系统在2005-2007年运营期间有3个系统亏损,管道分质直饮水运营期间只有在实际供水量达到设计能力8%以上时才可能盈利直饮水水质优于市政自来水,管道直饮水具有较好的社会效益,而经济效益有待提高管道分质直饮水;经济效益;社会效益:T49912:A:1671-5039(2009)04-0001-04:(2003C33713):1,510300;23;4:(1958-),,,,EconomicandsocialbenefitsonpipesystemfordirectdrinkingwaterGANRi-hua*,ZHANGYong-hui,YEBing,etal.*GuangdongInstituteofHealthInspection,Guangzhou510300,ChinaAbstractObjectiveToknowtheeconomicandsocialbenefitofpipedirectdrinkingwa-terMethodsQualitiesofpipedirectdrinkingwaterandrunningwaterweredetectedforconductivity,to-talorganiccarbonandoxygenconsumptionincitiesofGuangzhou,Shenzhen,ZhuhaiandDongguanfromMarchtoAprilin2004Customersof10directdrinkingwatercompanieswereselectedtosurveyeconomicandsocialbenefitsbyquestionnairesfromJulytoOctoberin2004inGuangzhouCityMeanwhilethefinan-cialincomeandexpenditureofapipedirectdrinkingwatersystemcompanyinShenzhenweresurveyedre-trospectivelyin5residencecommunitiesduringtheperiodof2005-2007ResultsAtotalof2004cus-tomersconsumingdirectdrinkingwaterwereinvestigated27%ofthemconsideredthattherewasseconda-rypollutionindirectdrinkingwatersystem392%and150%ofthecustomersthoughtthatthemajorin-fluencefactorsontheapplicationofdirectdrinkingwaterwerewaterqualityandpricerespectively481%ofthecustomersdidnotknowmuchaboutthedirectdrinkingwater492%ofthecustomerschosethed-irectdrinkingwaterastheirmainsourceofdrinkingwaterand445%weresatisfiedwiththedirectdrinkingwatersystemThetestresultsofwaterqualityshowedthatvaluesoftotalorganiccarbon,conductivityandoxygenconsumptiondecreasedsignificantlyafterbeingpurifiedTheremovalsofthemwere897%,903%and760%,respectively182%ofthecustomersconsideredthatthe24-hourhotlineshouldbebuiltforthedrinkingwater,295%hopedthatthedrinkingwaterdispensersshouldbecleanedanddis-120098354SouthChinaJPrevMed,August2009,Vol35,No4infectedtermly,128%hopedthattheknowledgeofdrinkingwatershouldbepropagandizedinthecommu-nity,and254%hopedthatthetestreportofwaterqualityfromauthoritativeinstituteshouldbedeliveredtermlyTheaverageexpenditureofdirectdrinkingwaterofeachfamilywasabout3223Yuanpermonth,whichwas06%ofthetotalexpenditureofthefamilyThepipesystemfordirectdrinkingwaterwillgettheprofitonlywhentheactualwatersupplyvolumereaches8%ofthedesigncapacityThreeof5pipesys-temsforfinedrinkingwaterranatalossduring2005to2007ConclusionThequalityofpipesystemfordirectdrinkingwaterwasmuchbetterthanthatofmunicipalwatersupplyandwouldbringaboutbetterso-cialbenefitthaneconomicprofitKeywordsPipesystemfordirectdrinkingwater;Economicbenefit;Socialbenefit,,,,,,,,,11120043-4,20047-10,10,2008351210,,,,,,2005-2007513(TOC)(COD)[1],46,(),14Excel2003,SPSS12SAS112215000,2004,40%2004542%,458%;10~60,21~40450%;524%,364%,55%;12,22,652%,234%648%,576%,283%,222%,32%,27%,15%;12%;11%;()3%23,,28%220098354SouthChinaJPrevMed,August2009,Vol35,No4,26%,166%,188%,481%529%492%,453%,392%,150%,108%,141%,89%,54%,57%,09%24445%,494%,61%,182%24h,295%,141%,128%,254%2520043-4,()(TOC)(COD),169,4623642654470s/cm(F=13094,P001),200038048mg/L(F=3828,P001),,,903%760%,223023mg/L(F=2271,P001),,,897%26256,t3102;1933L,3223;36(64L),92/,33125400,06%273(2005-2007)5(1)552755,576m3/d,35040m3,87%,8%,,245,10000,200520062007()375241094312,,4057,101L12005-200712345(m3/h)10264224(m3)1110611884706106033718397(%)126678931987()684713734332203049415076()239604805151607100173052755()10000033333500004000020000243333()*570982160327331850196439644961324094()**1110937141994622656203480617142140781()439955-51666240806-32958-22782573355:*;**,33127%,481%,392%150%,,,320098354SouthChinaJPrevMed,August2009,Vol35,No4,,,,,(),,492%,182%24h,295%,128%,254%,,32,,;,,;,,,[2,3],,445%,529%,,,897%903%,760%,,[4,5][6],,,,338%,10000,1933L,101L,2~5L,,,,,,,,,,,,1933L,3223(06%);36(64L),92/,3312,1/3,1/3,,,,,,,,,:[1],,,[J],2009,26(1):45-49[2],,[J](),2001,15(3):64-66[3][M]:,2008:227-242[4],,,[J],2008,14(12):85-87[5],,,[J],2007,24(5):123-125[6],,,[J],2003,20(5):269(:2009-03-25)(:)420098354SouthChinaJPrevMed,August2009,Vol35,No4