好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥特性的研究杨洋

,＊,,,,(,　100084):.,VSSSS80%,1.0mm70%,0.8mm1022kgm3.,,;,,4.,(AOBNOB),,.:;;;;:X703.1　:A　:0250-3301(2007)12-2710-06:2007-01-04;:2007-02-09:(863)(2002AA601190):(1979～),,,.＊,E-mail:[e-mail]icShort-cutNitrificationGranularSludgeYANGYang,ZUOJian-e,SUNYu-jiao,LUYi-qiong,BUDe-hua,GUXia-sheng(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Thephysicalpropertiesandmicrobiologicalcharacteristicsofaerobicshort-cutgranularsludge,whichwascultivatedinalab-scaleaeratedupflowsludgebed(AUSB)reactor,wereinvestigated.Whentheshort-cutnitrificationprocesswasperformedstably,theratiosofVSSSSofshort-cutgranuleswerekeptatabout80%,theamountofgranuleswithdiameterlargerthan1.0mmwasabout70%ofthetotal,andthewetdensityofgranuleswithdiameterlargerthan0.8mmwasabout1022kgm3.Thefluorescenceinsituhybridization(FISH)resultsindicatedtheammoniaoxidationbacteria(AOB)weremainlylocatedinthesurfacelayerofthegranules,andthenitriteoxidationbacteria(NOB)wereintheinnerlayer.Theresultsofmostprobablenumber(MPN)showedthat,astheshort-cutprocesswasoperatedstably,theamountofAOBwasmuchmorethanthatofNOB,andsometimestheAOBamountwaseven10thousandstimesmorethanthatofNOB.Alltheseresultsindicatedthat,usingtheseedgranulesortheirdebrisasthesupportmedia,AOBandNOBwereattachedandgrownonthesurfaceofthemedia,andfinallytheaerobicshort-cutnitrificationgranuleswereformed.Keywords:short-cutnitrification;aerobicgranularsludge;wetdensity;FISH;MPN　　,,-(simultaneousnitrificationanddenitrification,SND)[1]、SHARON(singlereactorforhighactivityammoniaremovalovernitrite,SHARON)[2]、-[3]、OLAND(oxygenlimitedautotrophicnitrificationanddenitrification,OLAND)[4]、CANON(completelyautotrophicnitrogenremovalovernitrite,CANON)[5].,,,,、.(ammoniaoxidationbacteria,AOB),,AOB,;,(nitriteoxidationbacteria,NOB)AOB,[2].(AUSB)[NH+4-N2.5kg(m3·d),90%],[6],,,2.1　1.1　:[7];:DX-100;COD:TL-1ACOD;:Thermo810A;:Quanta200;SSVSS:[7];:[8].2812200712　　　　　　ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.28,No.12Dec.,2007DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2007.12.015:,0.8、1.0、1.21.4mm,,.1.2　(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)4%,PBS,、、,,8μm,Vectaboud,TBA、.ROXAOBNSO190(5′CGATCCCCTGCTTTTCTCC3′)[9]FITCNOBNIT3(5′CCTGTGCTCCATGCTCCG3′)[9],46℃,55%40%,DAPI,Pynaert[10],.1.3　(mostprobablenumber,MPN)Verhagen[11]AOBNOB,10mL,121℃20min.,,3.30℃28d,MPN.2　2.1　AUSBAUSB[6],,3:①1～140d,AUSBDO3mgLpH7.5,NH+4-N2.5kg(m3·d),()95%,70%.②141～171d,,AUSBDO3mgL5mgL,,90%.③209～309d,,,600～700mgL,(COD)100mgL,,DO,,286d,,DO,90%,,,95%.2.2　,,AUSB.,,,,,,、,,,.AUSB(165d),1.1,AUSB,,1.0mm.1　Fig.1　Photosofaerobicshort-cutnitrificationgranularsludge271112:,,0.5～1μm,.AUSB,25%,,VSSSS、.VSSSS2.2,VSSSS85%,,VSSSS,12,70%.,3,VSSSS80%,,VSSSS.VSS,,2,、.2　AUSBVSSSSFig.2　RatiosofVSSSSofgranulesindifferentoperationalstagesAUSB,,0.8mm,1.0mm53.6%.,.,3.3,,,1,0.8mm20.5%.,,23,0.8mm17.4%8.5%,3,1.0mm70.1%.3　AUSBFig.3　Diametersdistributionofgranulesindifferentoperationalstages,,,.,,4.,,.3,0.8mm,0.8mm,.4　AUSBFig.4　Settlingvelocitiesofgranulesindifferentoperationalstages4,0.8mm,,,.[12],,(Allen).,1022kgm3,.VSSSS、,2712　　　　　　28,,AUSB,,,,.2.3　AOB,AUSB,FISHAOB.NOBAOB,,,NOB.AOBNOB,NSO190NIT3,AUSB1d、35d、81d156dAOBNOB().,.,,35d81d,AOB,NOB,2:AOBNOB,AOB;NOBAOB,NOBAOB.,AUSBAOB,AOB.156d,NH+4-N2.5kg(m3·d),99%,98%,AUSB.,AOB,NOB,AOB,AOB.AOBNOB,MPNAOBNOB,5.5,,AOBNOB,,1(87d),AOBNOB.1(121d),5　MPNFig.5　MPNresultsofgranularsludgeondifferentoperationaldays,,NOBAOB,,AOBNOB.2(158d),AOBNOB,gVSS1.6×10143.6×109.,NOB,AOBNOB,AOBNOB4,,,90%.,3.5,,,,AOBNOB,AOBNOB,;,,、AOBNOB,AOBNOB,.,5,,AOBNOB,,95%.MPN,10%[13].,,.,[14]PCRAUSB,,,AOB,AOB48.5%.,AUSB271312:,AOB;,AOB;,AUSB,.3　VSSSS,,,AOB,.FISH,AOB,AOB.,,4:①AUSB,,,;②,,,,,AOBNOB,;③,AOB,NOB,,AOB,NOB,,;④AOB,,,,,,.[15]、[16],,Beun[17],,,,.4　(1)AUSB,,(AOBNOB),,,,,,.(2)AUSB,25%,VSSSS80%;1.0mm70%;0.8mm;1022kgm3.(3)AOBNOB,FISH,AOB,NOB,,AOB,NOB.MPN,,AOB,NOB4.:[1]ElisabethVM,PaulL,JurgK.Simultaneousnitrificationanddenitrificationinbench-scalesequencingbatchreactor[J].WatRes,1996,30(2):277～284.[2]HellingaC,SchellenAAJC,MulderJW,etal.TheSharonprocess:aninnovativemethodfornitrogenremovalfromammoniumrichwastewater[J].WatSciTech,1998,37(9):135～142.[3]VanDongenU,JettenMSM,vanLoosdrechtMCM.TheSharon-anammoxprocessforthetreatmentofammoniumrichwastewater[J].WatSciTech,2001,44(1):153～160.[4]KuaiL,VerstraeteW.Ammoniumremovalbytheoxygenlimitedautotrophicnitrificationdenitrification(OLAND)system[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1998,64(11):4500～4506.[5]SlickersAO,DerwortN.Completelyautotrophicnitrogenremovalovernitriteinonesinglereactor[J].WatRes,2002,36(10):2475～2482.[6],,,.[J].,2007,28(11):2462～2466.[7].[M].().:,2002.276～279.[8].EGSB[D].:,2001.[9]MobarryBK,WagnerM,UrbainV,etal.Phylogeneticprobesforanalyzingabundanceandspatialorganizationofnitrifyingbacterial[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1996,62(7):2156～2162.[10]PynaertK,SmetsBF,WyffelsS,etal.Characterizationofanautotrophicnitrogen-removingbiofilmfromahighlyloadedlab-scalerotatingbiologicalcontactor[J].ApplEnvironMicrobiol,2003,69(6):3626～3635.2714　　　　　　28[11]VerhagenFJM,LaandbroekHJ.Competitionforammoniumbetweennitrify